1. The peritoneum 腹 膜

2. General features
The peritoneum is a thin serous membrane that line the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and cover the organs within these cavities
Parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜 －lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities
Visceral peritoneum 脏腹膜 －covers the organs

3. General features Peritoneal cavity 腹膜腔－
the potential space between the parietal and visceral layer of peritoneum, in the male, is a closed sac, but in the female, there is a communication with the exterior through the uterine tubes, the uterus, and the vagina.

4. Function Secretion分泌 : serous fluid that moistens the organs.
Absorption吸收
Support and protection abdominal organs

5. The relationship between viscera and peritoneum
Intraperitoneal viscera 腹膜内位器官－
viscera completely surrounded by peritoneum, such as： stomach, superior part of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, vermiform appendix, transverse and sigmoid colons, spleen 脾，ovary卵巢 and uterine tube输卵管
Intraperitoneal viscera

6. Interperitoneal viscera 腹膜间位器官－
most part of viscera surrounded by peritoneum, example, liver, gallbladder, ascending and descending colon, upper part of rectum, urinary bladder膀胱 and uterus子宫
Interperitoneal viscera

7. Retroperitoneal viscera 腹膜外位器官－
some organs are covered by peritoneum on their anterior surfaces only, example, kidney, suprarenal gland, pancreas, descending and horizontal parts of duodenum, middle and lower parts of rectum直肠中下部, and ureter输尿管
Retroperitoneal viscera

8. Structures formed by peritoneum
Omentum 网膜 －two-layered fold of peritoneum that extends from stomach to adjacent organs

9. Lesser omentum 小网膜
－two-layered fold of peritoneum which extends from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum

10. Lessor omentum 小网膜
Hepatogastric ligament 肝胃韧带－ from porta hepatis to lesser curvature of stomach
Hepatoduodenal ligament 肝十二指肠韧带
extends from porta hepatis
to superior part of
duodenum, it contains
common bile duct,
proper hepatic a.
hepatic portal v.

11. Greater omentum 大网膜
A four-layered fold of peritoneum connecting the greater curvature of stomach and superior part of duodenum to transverse colon, which hangs down like an apron(围裙) in front of coils of small intestine.

12. Lessor omentum
Greater omentum

13. Omental bursa 网膜囊
Position－situated behind the lesser omentum and stomach
Walls：
Superior－peritoneum which covers the caudate lobe of liver and diaphragm
Anterior－lesser omentum, peritoneum of posterior wall of stomach, and anterior two layers of greater omentum

14. Omental bursa 网膜囊
Inferior－conjunctive area of anterior and posterior two layers of greater omentum
Posterior－posterior two layers of greater omentum, transverse colon and transverse mesocolon, peritoneum covering posterior abdominal wall.

15. Right－omental foramen
Omental bursa 网膜囊
Left－
spleen,
gastrosplenic ligament胃脾韧带
splenorenal ligament 脾肾韧带
Right－omental foramen

16. Omental (epiploic)foramen 网膜孔
Position: lies between the liver and duodenum, behind the lesser omentum and infront of the inferior vena cava
The omental bursa (lesser sac) communicates with the greater sac through the omental foramen.

17. Mesenteries or mesocolons 系膜
－two-layered fold of peritoneum that attach the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall

18. Mesentery 肠系膜 -suspends the small intestine from the posterior abdominal wall
-Broad and a fan-shaped
Radix of mesentery 小肠系膜根
15 cm long
Directed obliquely from left side of L2 vertebra to right sacroiliac joint

19. Triangular mesentery－extends from terminal part of ileum to appendix
Mesoappendix 阑尾系膜
Triangular mesentery－extends from terminal part of ileum to appendix
Appendicular artery runs in free margin of the mesoappendix

20. Transverse mesocolon 横结肠系膜－a double fold of peritoneum which connects the transverse colon to the posterior abdominal wall.
Sigmoid mesocolon 乙状结肠系膜－attaches the sigmoid colon to the pelvic wall,the sigmoid.

21. Ligaments 韧带 Ligaments of liver Falciform ligament of liver 镰状韧带
Consists of double peritoneal layer
Extends from anterior abdominal wall (umbilicus) to live
Free border of the ligament contains ligamentum teres

22. Coronary ligament 冠状韧带－the area between upper and lower layer of the coronary ligament is the bare area of liverwhich contract with the diaphragm;
Left and right triangular ligaments 左、右三角韧带－formed by left and right extremity of coronary ligament

23. Hepatogastric ligament 肝胃韧带
Hepatoduodenal ligament 肝十二指肠韧带

24. Ligaments of spleen
Gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带－connects the fundus of stomach to hilum of spleen. the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels pass through it.
Splenorenal ligament 脾肾韧带－extends between the hilum of spleen and left kidney.
The splenic vessels lies within this ligament, as well as the tail of pancreas

25. Ligaments of spleen Phrenicosplenic ligament 膈脾韧带
Splenocolic ligament 脾结肠韧带

26. Ligaments of stomach Hepatogastric ligament 肝胃韧带
Gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带
Gastrophrenic ligament 胃膈韧带
Gastrocolic ligament 胃结肠韧带

27. Folds and recesses of posterior abdominal wall
Superior duodenal fold and recess 十二指肠上襞和上隐窝
Inferior duodenal fold and recess 十二指肠下襞和下隐窝
Intersigmoid recess 乙状结肠间隐窝－between posterior wall of abdomen and sigmoid mesocolon

28. Retrocecal recess 盲肠后隐窝－in which the appendix frequenty lies
Hepatorenal recess 肝肾隐窝－lies between the right lobe of liver, right kidney, and right colic flexure, and is the lowest parts of the peritoneal cavity when the subject is supine

29. Folds and fossas of anterior abdominal wall
Medial umbilical fold 脐正中襞－contain the remnant of urachus脐尿管 (median umbilical ligaments)
Medial umbilical fold 脐内侧襞－contains remnants of the umbilical arteries
Lateral umbilical fold 脐外侧襞－contains the inferior epigastric vessels

30. Folds and fossas of anterior abdominal wall
Supravesical fossa 膀胱上窝
Medial inguinal fossa 腹股沟内侧窝
Lateral inguinal fossa 腹股沟外侧窝

31. In male－rectovesical pouch 直肠膀胱陷凹
★ Pouches 陷凹
In male－rectovesical pouch 直肠膀胱陷凹
In female
Rectouterine pouch 直肠子宫陷凹
－between rectum and uterus
Vesicouterine pouch 膀胱子宫陷凹
－between bladder and uterus

32. Peritoneal subdivisions
The transverse colon and transverse mesocolon divides the greater sac into supracolic and infracolic compartments 结肠上区和结肠下区.
Supracolic compartment 结肠上区(subphrenic space)－ may be divided into Suprahepatic space and Infrahepatic space by the liver.

33. Peritoneal subdivisions
Suprahepatic space 肝上间隙
lies between the diaphragm and liver;
It is divided into
right and left suprahepatic spaces by the falciform ligament

34. Left suprahepatic space 左肝上间隙
left anterior suprahepatic spaces 左肝上前间隙
left posterior suprahepatic spaces 左肝上后间隙
Right suprahepatic space 右肝上间隙
right anterior suprahepatic spaces
bare area of live (extraperitoneal space)

35. Infrahepatic space 肝下间隙
- lies between the live and transverse colon and transverse mesocolon;
-the ligamentum teres hepatic divides it into
Right infrahepatic space 右肝下间隙 (hepatorenal recess)
Left infrahepatic space 左肝下间隙

36. Infrahepatic space 肝下间隙
Left infrahepatic space 左肝下间隙 divieded into(by the leser omentum and stomach)
left anterior infrahepatic space左肝下前间隙
left posterior infrahepatic space左肝下后间隙 (omental bursa)

37. Infracolic compartment 结肠下区 －lies below the transverse colon and transverse mesocolon
Right paracolic sulcus (gutter) 右结肠旁沟－
lies lateral to the ascending colon. It communicates with the hepatorenal recess and the pelvic cavity.

38. Infracolic compartment 结肠下区
Left paracolic sulcus (gutter) 左结肠旁沟 －lies lateral to the descending colon. It is separated from the area around the spleen by the phrenicocolic ligament.

39. Infracolic compartment 结肠下区
Left mesenteric sinus 左肠系膜窦－triangular space, lies between root of mesentery, ascending colon, right 2/3 of transverse colon
Right mesenteric sinus 右肠系膜窦－lies between root of mesentery, descending colon, right 1/3 of transverse colon, and is continuous with the cavity of the pelvis