2. Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Vertebrata tunicateslancets Agnathans Fish Sharks tetrapods

3. Characteristics of Chordates

4. 1 st fish Proto-vertebrate Tunicate larvae Adult tunicate lancelet Possible evolution of 1 st fish

6. Pikaia Burgess Shale Fauna Cambrian 540-500 mya Early Chordate ancestor may have given rise to 1 st vertebrate

7. General Features Shared by Chordates: 1.Eukaryote 2.Multicellular 3.Bilateral- deuterstomes 4.Heterotrophic

8. Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicates Class Ascidiacea - Sea Squirts Solitary e.g. Styela montereyensis Colonial - in groups but with own tunic Compound Colonial - colonial with shared tunic Class Thaliacea - Salps (free swimming), planktonic Class Larvacea - Gelatinous house, planktonic

9. Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Urochordata tunicate

10. Subphylum Urochordata = tunicate Tunicate - also called 'sea squirt' notochord is confined to the tail notochord is lost during metamorphosis into sessile adult possess pharyngeal slits Repro- sexual (hermaphroditic) & asexual (budding)

11. Tunicate Adult Anatomy

12. Tunicates: Free swimming larva: notochord present only in free-swimming larvum notochord does not extend into head larvum is free-swimming but non-feeding adult is sessile filter feeder Settled larva: Settle after brief free-swimming larvum existence. Attaches at anterior end. Metamorphosis begins. Body turns 180 0. Tail, notochord, dorsal nerve cord, disappear.

14. Class Larvacea - planktonic Oikopleura

15. Jelly-like house Marine snow Class Larvacea - Gelatinous house, planktonic

16. Pyrosoma- bioluminescent Colonial salp Class Thaliacea - Salps (free swimming), planktonic

17. Class Ascidiacea - Sea Squirts

18. Subphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Cephalochordata lancet Strictly marine Live buried in sand with head sticking out Filter feeders

19. Lancet Anatomy

20. Vertebrate Higher Classification  Superclass Agnatha - without jaws Class Myxini – hagfishes Class Cephalaspidomorphi – lampreys  Superclass Gnathostomata – with jaws Class Chondrichthyes – sharks, rays, chimaeras Class Actinopterygii – ray-finned fishes Class Sarcopterygii – lobe-fin fishes Class Amphibia – frogs, salamanders Class Reptilia – snakes, lizards, crocodiles Class Aves - birds Class Mammalia - mammals

21. Agnatha (jawless fishes) Lack: paired fins, scales, & well developed vertebrae Hagfish (slime eels) –Mucus for protection –Feed on decaying flesh Lampreys –Parasitic –Anadromous Marine adults, breed in freshwater

22. Class Chondrichthyes Sharks, skates, rays, chimera Subphylum Vertebrata

23. Heterocercal tail Two dorsal fins Paired pectorals 5-7 gill slits ureoosmotic Chondrichthyes (cartilagenous fishes)

25. Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Swim bladder Operculum (gill cover) Homocercal tail Scales of bony origin –Smooth cycloid –Spiny ctenoid

26. Intestine Adipose fin (characteristic of trout) Cut edge of operculum Swim bladder Caudal fin Lateral line Urinary bladder Pelvic fin Anus Dorsal fin Spinal cord Brain Nostril Gills Kidney Heart Liver Gonad Anal fin Stomach

27. Class Amphibia Characteristics Cold blooded Returns to water to breed Metamorphosis Some toxic Estivation-dry and hot Hibernation- cold 3,500 species

28. Class Amphibia Rana cancrivora salamander Poison arrow frog newt Mudpuppy (salamander) Coqui

29. Class Reptilia Characteristics Cold blooded Have scales Amniotic egg Dry skin 3 chambered heart (except crocks) 6,500 species

30. Class Reptilia Sea snake Marine turtle Saltwater crocodile Marine iguana

31. Class Aves Characteristics Warm blooded Feathers and wings Hollow bones Horny bill Lungs have air sacks Hard egg shell

32. Class Aves

33. Class Mammalia Characteristics Warm blooded Have fur or hair Suckle young 3 middle ear bones

34. Class Mammalia Subclasses Protheria- echidna & platypus Metatheria- marsupial Eutheria- true mammals