1. Section 1 The Opposing Sides

2.  Robert E. Lee:  One of the best senior officers in the US Army  Offered from Winfield Scott to command the Union’s troops  Resigned from the Army and joined the Confederacy (originally from the South)  1860 the US had 8 military colleges- 7 were in the south  North had strong naval traditions and all but one shipyard was under Union control

3. NORTH SOUTH  Economic Advantages  Population- 22 million  80% of factories  Produced 90% of countries clothing, boots, and shoes  93 % of unrefined iron  Firearms manufactured in north  Experienced officers  Population- 9 million  Tredegar Iron Works, Richmond: the only factory capable of producing cannons  No major facilities for producing gun powder  Confederacy Ordinance Bureau: gun powder mill  1862: all caught up (weapons, gun powder and ammunition)  Produced its own food  Only ½ as many rr tracks

5. NORTH SOUTH  Advantages:  Controlled the national treasury  Had revenue from tariffs  Northern banks had huge reserves of cash  Legal Tender Act 1862  People were concerned about northern ability to win the war so they withdrew their gold and silver  Created a national currency and allowed the government to issue paper money (green backs)  Financial situation not good  Banks small with few reserves  Best hope was to raise money was to tax trade  Problem: Union navy blockaded southern ports  Result: direct taxation  Lack of money caused south to print = inflation  Confederate became almost worthless  By the end it had experienced 9000% inflation

6.  Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union even if it meant slavery would continue  Democrats were divided  War Democrats: supported conflict, wanted to restore the Union to the way it was before, opposed ending slavery  Peace Democrats: opposed war, reuniting through negotiations  Viewed by republicans as treason (anyone against the war)  Called Copperheads  Disagreements between republicans and democrats  Civil liberties  1862 Congress Militia Law- conscription  Democrats strongly oppose

7.  To enforce conscription Lincoln suspends writs of habeas corpus (a person’s right to not be imprisoned unless charged with a crime and given trial)  Suspending means imprisoning indefinitely with no charge or trial  Lincoln did this to anyone supporting rebels or resisting the draft

8.  Jefferson Davis: states rights interfered with ability to conduct the war  1862 he met opposition  He supported conscription and martial law, draft and new taxes  Alexander Stephens (VP) opposed him

9.  US didn’t want European interference  Confederacy wanted European recognition (British)-to declare blockade illegal- use British navy to assist south  To pressure they refused to sell Europe cotton  Confederacy met with British and French May 1861  French promised to recognize  British not ready  Fall of 1861 Britain and US came close to war  Trent Affair: south slipped pass blockades, went to Havana Cuba and boarded the Trent (British Ship)  Union intercepted and arrested two confederates  North applauded, British mad for interference  Demanded release of confederates  British sent troops to Canada to strengthen Atlantic Fleet  After a few weeks Lincoln freed the prisoners

10.  Huge armies of mostly volunteers-required huge amounts of supplies and equipment  Military Technology and Tactics  Officers were well trained and experienced  Fired in mass volleys  At close range-charged with bayonets  Developed Conoidal bullets- much more accurate  Used trenches, barricades=high casualties  War of attrition  North able to replace  South not as many

11.  The South’s Strategy  Passive approach-picked battles, attacked and retreated as necessary, avoid large battles  Defensive war of attrition  Southerners angry-saw themselves as superior fighters  The Union’s Anaconda Plan  Winfield Scott-idea Union blockade of Confederate ports  Send gunboats down the Mississippi to divide the Confederacy=Separate the south  This would run them out of resources and surrender  North rejected because it was too slow