1. Integration of Renewable Energies by Distributed Energy Storage Systems - A New Annex Proposal Andreas Hauer Bayerisches Zentrum für angewandte Energieforschung (ZAE Bayern) Abt. Technik für Energiesysteme und erneuerbare Energien

2. Motivation More renewable energy has to be integrated! Fluctuating resources have to be balanced! Energy Storage!

3. DemandPV Motivation © DLR

4. Residual Demand (PV) Motivation © DLR

5. DemandWind Motivation © DLR

6. Residual Demand (PV + Wind) Motivation © DLR

7. What are „Distributed Energy Storages“? Distributed energy storages (DES) are located at the consumer side. Facing a growing impact of distributed renewable energy generation by PV, solarthermal or biomass (via Combined-Heat & Power) only DES are able balance the storage demand at this level. DES could contribute to the storage demand given by the fluctuations of larger Wind and PV installations, provided that the grid is able to transport the energy to the DES location. In this case DES are connected to a “virtual” central energy storage.

8. Central Energy Storages are more „popular“ because… The potential can be estimated easily „One big solution“, like Hydrogen, Methane, CAES Distributed Energy Storages are not taken into consideration, because… The potential is difficult to be estimated A number of different technologies are possible The controlling strategies might be complex Distributed Energy Storage Systems But they could be: Economical interesting (low invest, low operation) Best storage technology for the actual application Most stable system

9. Final Energy Demand (Germany)

10. Renewables & Distributed Storages: Where and how? Renewable Energy ConsumerDistributionTransformation EES TES Electrical Energy StorageThermal Energy Storage PV Wind Bio/CHP Solarthermal Grid District H/C HP/Chill. Electricity Heat/Cold EES TES

11. Distributed Storages within a distribution net District Heating: Integration of renewable (or waste) heat Distributed buffer storages Electricity Grid: Integration of Wind and PV Distributed batteries (Pb, NaS-cells, Lithium-ion)

12. Solar-thermal – distributed UTES for heat pump application Distributed storage systems PV – Li-ion Battery - Grid

13. Renewable Energy (e.g. wind) Thermal Energy Storage ( e.g. Cold Storage in Buildings) Electrical Energy Storage (e.g.Batteriesin electrical) Electrical Energy Storage e.gCAES decentral central Cost 0.03€/kWh 0.1€/kWh Cost 1.00€/kWh Renewable Energy ( Wind, PV,…) ( ) ( vehicles) () €/kWh € € Cost System balancing actions: Example: Integration of Wind Energy

14. „Storing Wind Electricity in Fridges“ 20 Million Fridges (<50% of German Households) PCM Cold Storage for 12 Hours Charging Time 3 Hours Cost 5 € Electric Power1,15 GW Storage Capacity3,5 GWh Economics> 120 Cycles/Year Example: Integration of Wind Energy

15. Objectives Identifying actual applications for DES to integrate fluctuating renewable energy sources into future energy systems listing distributed energy storage technologies and their properties including mechanical, electro-chemical, thermal and chemical approaches Defining storage properties requirements depending on the different renewable energy sources (wind, PV, solar thermal, …) Discussing possible control strategies for DES and technologies by smart grids Quantifying potential of distributed energy storage systems for the integration of renewable energies Developing guidelines for choosing the most suitable DES technology for the actual application Promoting best practice and success stories examples

16. Scope All storage technologies, which show a technical and economical potential for distributed applications (e.g. batteries or cold and heat storages) All fluctuating, renewable energy sources (wind, PV, solarthermal) All countries (which are interested) with their national energy scenarios with focus on the development of renewable energies

17. Collaboration with Other Parties Collaboration with other Implementing Agreement (IA) within the IEA Technology Network is crucial for this Annex. IAs for Renewable energy sources: Wind, PVPS and Solar Heating and Cooling from the Renewable Energy Working Party (REWP) IAs for Applications: buildings, appliances and electric vehicles, (ECBCS, 4E and HEV) from the End-Use- Working Party (EUWP) Programs for distribution and scenarios: ENARD, DHC and the International Smart Grid Action Network (ISGAN) as well as ETSAP

18. Activities Compiling potential studies (within national energy scenarios) in different countries for distributed energy storage Establishing a data base of distributed energy storage R&D and demonstration projects Organizing workshops and expert meetings Initiate R&D projects on Integration of Renewable Energies by distributed Energy Storage Systems. Presentation of findings

19. Major outcomes The major outcomes of the proposed annex will be: Potential studies for distributed energy storage systems Increased awareness of distributed energy storage and better co-ordination of R&D activities in this field. Guidelines: How to identify the appropriate energy storage technology for the actual application (renewable energy source and final energy demand)

20. Task-Definition Phase: June 2012 – December 2012 Task-Definition Workshop September 18/19 2012, Paris Annex should run from: January 2013 – December 2015 Suggested Operating Agent Germany / ZAE Bayern is suggested as the Operating Agent for the proposed new Annex.

21. Thank you very much for your attention!