1. ACRL: Outcome Assessment Tools for the Library of the Future: MINES at OCUL Association of College and Research Libraries ACRL Conference 2005 Minneapolis April 7, 2005 Toni Olshen York University www.arl.org/stats/ MINES for Libraries

2. www.minesforlibraries.org Ontario Council of University Libraries OCUL is a consortium of twenty university libraries in the province of Ontario The member libraries cooperate to enhance information services through: resource sharing, collective purchasing, document delivery and many other similar activities.

3. www.minesforlibraries.org OCUL Members – Those in Green are ARL Libraries Brock University Carleton University University of Guelph Lakehead University Laurentian University McMaster University Nipissing University Ontario College of Art & Design University of Ontario Institute of Technology University of Ottawa Q ueen's University Royal Military College of Canada Ryerson Polytechnic University University of Toronto Trent University University of Waterloo University of Western Ontario Wilfrid Laurier University University of Windsor York University

4. www.minesforlibraries.org Member Institution Enrolments (2003)- Total Undergraduate and graduate students University of Ontario Institute of Technology 936 Royal Military College of Canada 1,941 Ontario College of Art and Design 3,062 Nipissing University 5,478 Lakehead University 7,304 Trent University 7,388 Laurentian University 8,751 Wilfrid Laurier University 12,426 Brock University 15,527 University of Windsor 16,266 University of Guelph 19,096 Queen's University 20,034 McMaster University 22,064 Carleton University 22,535 University of Waterloo 25,029 Ryerson University 27,221 University of Ottawa 30,948 University of Western Ontario 32,784 York University 46,794 University of Toronto 68,290 Total 391,933 90% undergrads 10% graduate 12,500 faculty

5. www.minesforlibraries.org Scholars Portal – What is it? A unique set of shared information resources and services Resources acquired and managed through OCUL with funding support from a 5-year grant from the Ontario Innovation Trust (OII), a provincial funding body Resources are made available to researchers and students in Ontario through their own university libraries

6. www.minesforlibraries.org Scholars Portal Ontario Council of University Libraries (OCUL) Ontario Information Infrastructure (OII) funded by the Ontario Innovation Trust in 2001 for five years Consortia-purchased electronic resources offered through the Ontario Scholars Portal March 2004, we began the evaluation phase of $7.6 million dollar OII project

7. www.minesforlibraries.org Scholarly Information Resources As of the end of March, contains 7,547,904 full text articles from 6,783 full text journals published by 12 academic publishers Coverage of most disciplines but concentration in sciences Current and historic coverage One of the largest collections of electronic journals available to researchers anywhere

8. www.minesforlibraries.org Scholars Portal Resources Academic Press,Academic Press American Psychological Association,American Psychological Association American Chemical Society,American Chemical Society Berkeley Electronic Press,Berkeley Electronic Press Cambridge University Press,Cambridge University Press Emerald Publishing,Emerald Publishing Elsevier Science (Elsevier Science, Harcourt Health Sciences),Elsevier Science (Elsevier Science, Harcourt Health Sciences) Kluwer (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Kluwer Law International and Kluwer/Plenum),Kluwer Academic PublishersKluwer Law International Kluwer/Plenum Oxford University Press,Oxford University Press Project MUSE,Project MUSE Springer-Verlag, andSpringer-Verlag John Wiley & Sons.John Wiley & Sons

9. www.minesforlibraries.org Scholars Portal – Project Goals Centrally mount and deliver information resources acquired through OCUL consortia purchases to ensure rapid and reliable access Provide for the long term, secure archiving of resources to ensure continued availability

10. www.minesforlibraries.org Scholars Portal – Project Goals Ensure that the resources and services provided meet the needs of faculty, students and staff. Ensure that resources and services can be seamlessly integrated to the local library and information systems

11. www.minesforlibraries.org Measuring Success OCUL provides a sophisticated statistical report mechanism. (see next slide). Download statistics are a rough measure of value but we need more to properly assess impacts. Need to measure also the significance for research of access to e-journals Employing ARL MINES Survey methodology to capture information on how resources are being used (from where, by whom, and for what purposes)

12. www.minesforlibraries.org SP Statistics and Report Generator

13. www.minesforlibraries.org Why Evaluation? Feedback to OII and University funders Understand who, where, and why the digital resources are used Supplement usage numbers to answer the key question: What is the impact of Portal content on research at Ontario academic libraries?

14. www.minesforlibraries.org Evaluating Success Evaluating Scholars Portal from user and staff points of view Use a mix of quantitative and qualitative tools for a richer assessment: MINES, focus groups, staff survey Are OII projects improving research services? Does Scholars Portal meet OCUL user and staff expectations?

15. www.minesforlibraries.org MINES (Measuring the Impact of Networked Electronic Services) MINES survey is one of a new breed of assessment tools that did not exist before because services were not digital.

16. www.minesforlibraries.org MINES (Measuring the Impact of Networked Electronic Services)-Desired Outcomes To capture in-library and remote web usage of the Scholars Portal in a sound representative sample using MINES methodology; To identify the demographic differences between in-house library users as compared to remote users by status of user;

17. www.minesforlibraries.org MINES (Measuring the Impact of Networked Electronic Services)-Desired Outcomes To identify users’ purposes for accessing Scholars Portal electronic services (funded research, non-funded research, instruction/education use, student research papers and course work); To assist with the evaluation of the project as well as to capture information for OCUL about indirect research costs; and To develop an infrastructure to make studies of patron usage of networked electronic resources routine, robust and integrated into the decision-making process.

18. www.minesforlibraries.org MINES Methodology What user groups use SP? What specific resources are used? From where? How do users learn about SP? Are there differences in the use of digital resources based on the user's location? Why use SP? (sponsored research? Instruction? patient care?) Does use differ by discipline? user group? location?

19. www.minesforlibraries.org MINES Methodology Web-based surveys conducted over the course of a year for each institution Activated during randomly selected 2-hour survey periods each month as users access one of SP’s journals Mandatory, short, and anonymous

20. www.minesforlibraries.org ARL/MINES – Jan. ’04-Dec. ‘05 ARL developed random schedule of two-hour sessions per month OCUL designed local questions, mounted survey, collects and sends data to ARL ARL compiles survey results for all sites ARL reports findings on a semi-annual basis ARL presents findings and final report to project participants on an aggregated and individual institution basis

21. www.minesforlibraries.org Development of survey form Finding balance between simplicity, ease and richness of data elements Bilingual – University of Ottawa, Laurentian University, Glendon College at York University Ultimately a change in focus to the creation of a unique data set

22. www.minesforlibraries.org MINES Survey Form – Five Questions and a Comment Box

23. www.minesforlibraries.org Survey Form Survey form determined : –users’ status –Discipline (affiliation) –location or where accessed from –purpose of use (sponsored research, instruction, patient care, course work) –how the resource was identified (bibliography, colleague, librarian, important journal in field etc.)

24. www.minesforlibraries.org OCUL Definition of Usage for MINES A successful search connecting the user to an article of interest for viewing, printing or downloading Unique to Scholars Portal because of consortia server setup and archiving of all journals

25. www.minesforlibraries.org MINES Methodology Random sampling plan and the mandatory nature of the questions are both required to create a statistically sound study If the survey is not mandatory, the group of non-respondents is likely to be different from the group of respondents, and we will not know what that difference is One of the strengths and innovations of this survey technique is that it is based upon actual use, not on predicted, intended, or remembered use

26. www.minesforlibraries.org OCUL Implementation of MINES Once the survey is completed, the respondent's browser is forwarded to the desired networked electronic resource If more than one search is carried out, the survey form is auto-populated with user’s responses as defaults which only have to change if response is different

27. www.minesforlibraries.org Informed Consent Because this is a Web-based survey, the respondents consent to participate by electing to fill out the survey questionnaire It is the participating library’s responsibility to provide an explanation of the survey and information pertaining to its confidentiality

28. www.minesforlibraries.org Confidentiality of Data Institutional data are confidential. Individual institutions and/or their specific data will not be identified. Individual data are anonymous. The respondent’s privacy is protected because only very indirect information is captured, which would be difficult to trace back to an individual.

29. www.minesforlibraries.org Ethics Review A major step was contacting research ethics officers and/or Ethics Review Boards to get approval, where necessary, to run the survey Purpose of ethics reviews for human subjects is to prevent putting subjects at risk Officers/Boards on 16 OCUL campuses accepted that no physical or psychological harm would come to library users who are asked to fill out a brief mandatory anonymous survey before they are connected to the title of their choice.

30. www.minesforlibraries.org Ethics Review Reference to interesting opinion piece by J. Paul Grayson. “How Ethics Committees are Killing Survey Research on Canadian Students”. University Affairs, January 2004. http://www.universityaffairs.ca/issues/20 04/jan/print/opinion.html

31. www.minesforlibraries.org Mandatory Survey If individuals chose to avoid filling out the brief anonymous survey, they might be inconvenienced for a maximum of a two-hour period, but they would not be harmed We needed to balance good data for making decisions and the inconvenience caused to the user.

32. www.minesforlibraries.org Ethics Review – Issues and Problems Mandatory nature of the survey required discussion on some campuses Several campuses did not require approval because the survey fell into quality assurance guidelines and was seen as a library management tool (8) Several schools received approval after an application process (8) One Library and Review Board did not support the mandatory nature of the methodology so that school dropped out of the project.

33. www.minesforlibraries.org Pre-testing and False start – January – March 2004 ARL prepared a schedule for the random two-hour monthly runs. A test run was planned at York and Wilfrid Laurier in January with the real survey commencing at the end of February. The pilot in January failed at York and highlighted the need for all institutions to be using a link resolver URL when connecting to SP journals from their catalogues or eResources databases. Each site reviewed their configuration and necessary changes were made.

34. www.minesforlibraries.org Pre-testing and False start – January – March 2004 Survey form and the explanatory material were translated into French for bilingual Ottawa, Laurentian, and Glendon College at York. February run highlighted concerns about the data collection. The technical infrastructure was capturing only access through library catalogues or eresource databases, but not from the use of the SP directly. There were some technical problems with the February and March runs and the validity of the data was under question. The data-collection programming was revisited.

35. www.minesforlibraries.org Lessons Learned Early runs taught us a great deal about the different ways OCUL libraries access the SP We needed to reflect that in the data gathering

36. www.minesforlibraries.org Lessons Learned As originally planned, we now capture as much usage as possible that comes from : –local eresource databases –library catalogues –Scholars Portal browse and search functions.

37. www.minesforlibraries.org New Definition of Usage for MINES A successful search is now defined as connecting the user to an article of interest for viewing, downloading or printing Definition is unique to Scholars Portal because of consortial server setup and archiving of content We cancelled the April 20 run and reset the dates of the survey from May 2004 through April 2005, considering the February and March runs as tests.

38. www.minesforlibraries.org New Definition of Usage for MINES - Innovation We continue to build on the unique opportunity we have to gather useful data that is not open to other types of library groups. By the end of March about 22,500 surveys have been completed. One more month to go! By implementing the MINES survey, OCUL is ahead of other projects in that we are not held "hostage" to the limitations and inconsistencies of vendor statistics We have opportunities to disseminate research on measurement of networked resources through conferences and publications

39. www.minesforlibraries.org MINES Very Preliminary Output: MAY –AUGUST 2004 5223 respondents

40. www.minesforlibraries.org Very Preliminary Findings – 4 months of data -Subject Affiliation Applied Sciences Business Education Environmental Studies Fine Arts Humanities Law Medical Health Sciences Social Sciences Other 804 17.5% 146 3.2 176 3.8 160 3.5 22.5 93 2.0 21.5 1341 29.2 1031 22.4 673 14.6 129 2.8

41. www.minesforlibraries.org Very Preliminary Findings – 4 months of data User Status Faculty Graduate/Professional Undergraduate Library Staff Staff Other 764 16.6% 2068 45.0 1039 22.6 47 1.0 427 9.3 251 5.5

42. www.minesforlibraries.org Very Preliminary Findings – 4 months of data - Location Library Off-Campus On-Campus ( but not in the library) 578 12.6% 1978 43.6 2040 44.4

43. www.minesforlibraries.org Very Preliminary Findings- 4 months of data - Purpose of Use Sponsored research Other non- sponsored research Teaching Course work Patient care Other activities 2189 47.6% 919 20.0 278 6.0 686 14.9 143 3.1 381 8.3

44. www.minesforlibraries.org Cross Tabulations Purpose of use by affiliation, user status, location, why Location by affiliation, user status, purpose of use, why Why by affiliation, user status, location, purpose of use Which titles used by which users for which purposes

45. www.minesforlibraries.org Location and Purpose of Use

46. www.minesforlibraries.org Additional Qualitative Data MINES Survey respondent comments Staff Survey: What does the range of institutional experiences reveal? Focus Groups: What anecdotal data can faculty and students add to the development of the Scholars Portal?

47. www.minesforlibraries.org Thank you for your attention! Questions? Toni Olshen: tolshen@yorku.ca