1. CSUN Engineering Management Systems Engineering Management MSE607B Chapter 2, Part II The System Engineering Process

2. Learning Objectives Identify the applications for systems engineering Overview of the systems engineering process Introduce the basic activities of the process Evaluating systems in terms of their effectiveness Material provided is a necessary prerequisite to the information presented later

3. Case Study: Elevator System Apply Systems Engineering Concepts and Process to a ‘Simple’, Understood System.

4. Operational Concept

5. External Systems Diagram IDEFØ Model Designed to model: Decisions Actions Activities Help organize the analysis of a system and promote good communication between the analyst and customer

6. Functional Architecture

7. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

8. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

9. Define the Problem Vary in breadth from operational to institutional Methods of identifying problems: Traditional operational studies Regional transportation and land-use studies Air quality assessments Coordination with other agencies input from local politicians

10. Inventory of System PHYSICALORGANIZATIONAL Roadway network Operating agencies Existing surveillance and control systems Funding sources Existing information dissemination systems Political and agency jurisdictions

11. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

12. Establish Institutional Framework Critical step in process Needed at three levels Interagency Intra-agency Other stakeholders Input identifying problems and developing goals

13. Interagency MPOs Highway/public works Transit Law enforcement Emergency services Turnpike/toll road authorities Port authorities State and federal emergency management agencies

14. Intra-agency Planning Administrative Construction Design Operations Maintenance

15. Other Stakeholders Major traffic generators Utility companies Politicians Media Private transportation providers

16. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

17. Building Coalitions Identify “champions” “Top-down” or “bottom-up” support Find individuals critical to success Key individuals with knowledge and authority Present throughout entire process Use existing institutional frameworks

18. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

19. Establish Goals and Objectives Describe what system is to accomplish Directly related to specific problems Goals => long-range and broad Objectives => measurable and specific

20. Example of Goals and Objectives IDENTIFIED PROBLEM Incidents => primary source of congestion SYSTEM GOAL Reduce impacts of incidents SYSTEM OBJECTIVES Detect all incidents within 2 minutes Reduce clearance time by 5 minutes

21. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

22. Establish Performance Criteria Judging performance of system System achieving design objectives Measures of performance Qualitative Quantitative

23. Example of Performance Criteria - Incident Management Objective: Detect all incidents within 2 minutes Average detection time % of incidents detected in 2 minutes Objective: Provide first response within 15 minutes Average response time % of incidents responded to in 15 minutes Objective: Reduce clearance time by 5 minutes Average clearance time before system implemented Average clearance time after system implemented % of incidents where clearance time reduced by 5 minutes

24. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

25. Define Functional Requirements Features needed by system to accomplish objectives Independent of technology or architecture Describes what system does, not how!

26. Example of Functional Requirements Incident Management Identify incidents Identify location of incident Identify impacts of incident Identify characteristics of incident Formulate response actions Identify necessary emergency vehicle response Select incident information for dissemination to travelers Identify traffic control strategies Initiate and Monitor response Provide response procedures to agencies Monitors response

27. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

28. Framework for achieving system objectives Example: Function: Incident detection Architecture:Architecture: Surveillance system Detection algorithm Communication system

29. Benefits from Planning System Architecture Minimizes redundant systems Promotes efficient use of equipment, staff, and resources Permits easy expansion and modernization Facilitates information sharing

30. System Architecture Levels Functional Requirements => what system is supposed to do Logical architecture => what information flows between components Physical architecture => where function occurs and who is responsible for performing it

31. “Open” System Architecture Designed with standard data interfaces Not vender specific Benefits: Keeps system from being obsolete More compatible with ITS technologies

32. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

33. Identify and Screen Technology Meets performance and reliability standard defined by architecture Sources of information: Evaluation studies and reports Literature Demonstration Site visits

34. Evaluating Technologies Interaction with system Impacts on physical configuration of system Expandability and flexibility Life-cycle costs: Procurement, installation, and construction Operating and maintenance Replacement and expansion costs Operations and maintenance Iterative process

35. Systems Engineering Approach Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical

36. Develop Deployment Plan Outline how system is implemented Elements: Problems and opportunities to be addressed Institutional arrangements Goals and objectives Functional requirements and architecture Technology options Include implementation plan

37. Elements of Implementation Plan Goals and objectives Laws, ordinances, etc. Start-up procedures Adding functions Organizational and reporting structure Agency responsibilities Operating procedures Communications protocols / procedures Staffing requirements Hours of operation Training Maintenance Budget

38. Procurement Approaches Sole-source a contract is awarded to a named supplier without any competition for the project Engineering / contractor A single contract is awarded to the lowest responsive bidder to a specific request by the highway agency Two-step A formal technical prequalification process is added to the engineer/contractor approach System management A system manager is hired to perform the system design, software development, and system integration activities Design / build A single entity is responsible for all of the work associated with deploying a system

39. Establish Performance Criteria Establish System Goals and Objectives Define the Problem Establish Institutional Framework Build Coalitions Define Functional Requirements Identify and Screen Technology Develop Deployment Plan Deploy Projects Evaluate Define System Architecture ShortMediumLong Physical Logical Systems Engineering Approach

40. Evaluation Ongoing process Occurs at all stages How well system is achieving design objectives Identify improvements Lessons learned

41. Summary Applications for systems engineering Systems engineering process Basic activities of the process Evaluating systems in terms of their effectiveness Material provided is a necessary prerequisite to the information presented later

42. Interactive Workshop The purpose of feasibility analysis is: a)Identify functions the system must perform b)Identify requirements the system must perform c)Determine the resources needed for the system development d)Determine if the system design should be successful

43. “Systems Maintenance” concept is the basis for: a)Establishing supportability in system design b)Detailed maintenance plan c)Detailed design of system components d)Both (a) and (c) e)Both (a) and (b) Interactive Workshop

44. Systems Operational requirements describe: a)The designer needs relative to utilization and mission accomplishment b)The consumer needs relative to utilization and mission accomplishment c)Mission performance and test parameters d)The consumer needs relative to system functional goals Interactive Workshop

45. One of the basic steps in system engineering process is NOT: a)System retirement and material disposal b)Maintenance and support concept c)System operational requirements d)System marketing and research Interactive Workshop

46. System Functional requirements specify: a)The “How” not the “What” b)The “What” not the “How” c)What needs to be analyzed d)Baseline for system analysis Interactive Workshop

47. Homework Assignment Textbook page 107 Answer questions 1, 8, 12, 18, 27 Use homework format provided in course website Read Chapter 2 Pages 46-107

48. Questions? Comments?