1. Chapter 2: Origins of American Government
From the beginnings of a nation through the adoption of the Constitution.

2. 1500’s: Europeans start coming to North America---
The ENGLISH in the largest numbers!

3. Basic Concepts of Government
Ordered Government
Limited Government
RepresentativeGovernment

4. Where did the British get these ideas of government?
The Magna Carta
The Petition of Rights
The English Bill of Rights

5. The 13 Colonies were: Royal, Proprietary, or Charter
Learned the difficult art of government
The King of Britain had ultimate control/say over colonies

6. Early attempts at colonial unity:
1754: Albany Plan of Union:
Ben Franklin proposed

7. The King kept a pretty tight reign over the colonies.
Why were the colonists upset?
Taxes without representation
Royal Control

8. No Taxation Without Representation
Colonists show resentment and anger by protesting, boycotting goods, Boston Tea Party
The First Continental Congress met---55 delegates, organized boycotts,set up second meeting

9. The Second Continental Congress
Met in Philadelphia on May 10,1775
Revolutionary War had already begun!
John Hancock president of congress, continental army formed—George Washington
Served as government during war—from Declaration of Independence until adoption of Articles of Confederation

10. The Declaration of Independence
- Declared independence
-July 4, 1776
-Equality and rights

11. Who wrote Declaration?
Who was it to?
What was the message?

12. States established their own constitutions
Popular Sovereignty
Limited Government
Civil Rights and Liberties
Separation of Powers
and Checks and Balances

13. The first government of the United States was a loose
The Critical Period
The first government of the
United States was a loose
confederation among the States.
(Confederate form of government)

14. The ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
Est

15. Articles of Confederation
“Firm league of friendship.”
Very weak National Government
What were some of the weaknesses?
What kind of relationship did the National Gov’t have with the States?

16. Constitutional Convention
The Articles of
Confederation fails.
New meeting =
Constitutional Convention

18. well-educated and familiar with different types of governments.
The Framers were:
well-educated and familiar with different types of governments.
young. The average age was 42 and nearly ½ were in their 30s!
experienced in politics.
Many fought in the Revolution.

19. Called for a strong National Government with 3 separate branches.
The Virginia Plan
Called for a strong National Government with 3 separate branches.
It favored large States because the number of votes in the legislature would be based on a State’s population.

20. The New Jersey Plan
Resembled the Articles of Confederation, but with increased power of the Federal Government to tax and regulate trade.
It favored small States because each State was given equal representation in the legislature.

21. The Connecticut Compromise
Congress should be composed of 2 houses.
In the Senate, the States would be represented equally.
In the House, the representation would be based on population.
So important it is often called the “Great Compromise.”

22. The Three-Fifths Compromise
What did the Southern States want?
What did the Northern States want?
How should slaves be counted or if at all?
Final decision?

23. A new central government.
What DID they agree on???
A new central government.
the ideas of popular sovereignty, limited government and representative government.
Separation of powers
checks and balances

24. Led by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.
Federalists
Favored ratification.
Led by James Madison and Alexander Hamilton.

25. Wanted states to have more power
Anti-Federalists
Opposed ratification.
Wanted states to have more power
Angry that there was no bill of rights

26. -On September 13, 1788 the Constitution was ratified.
Success
-On September 13, 1788 the Constitution was ratified.
-New Congress on March 4, 1789; Constitution becomes effective
-George Washington 1st
President.

27. Short Answer: = primary source analysis, main idea questions = 20 pts
LET’S REVIEW! (This will be on the website for additional review at home!)
Ch. 1-2 Test:
Scan-Tron: multiple choice, true/false, matching, political cartoons/charts/graph interpretation =50 pts
Short Answer: = primary source analysis, main idea questions = 20 pts

28. What should you study tonight?
Ch.1-2 of textbook
Ch. 1-2 Notes
Ch. 1-2 Packet
Mrs. B’s Powerpoints—On Class Website
Final Exam Review Guide #’s 1-26
Come to additional review session after school!

29. What are the characteristics of a STATE?
Population, Territory, Sovereignty, Government

30. Makes and enforces public policy (LAWS)
What is government?
Makes and enforces public policy (LAWS)

31. Name 3 things we expect our government to do for us (as stated in the Preamble of the Constitution)
Form a more perfect union
Establish justice
Provide for the common defense
Insure domestic tranquility
Promote the general welfare
Secure the blessings of liberty

32. What is a representative democracy?
People are the source of governmental power. We elect people to represent us in government

33. What is a federal government?
When a central government shares power with regional governments (For the U.S.=the national government shares power with the states)

34. Democratic (Representative) Federal Presidential
What type of government do we have in the United States? (need 3 classifications)
Democratic (Representative)
Federal
Presidential

35. What type of government does Great Britain have? (3)
Democracy
Unitary
Parliamentary

36. In what type of government is the executive part of the legislature?
Parliamentary

37. List 3 important events in the origins of our government (up through the writing of the U.S. Constitution
Columbus triggers European exploration
13 colonies established on Atlantic coast
King George imposes harsh taxes
Colonists protest, boycott, rebel
First and Second Continental Congress meet
Thomas Jefferson writes Declaration of Independence
Revolutionary War begins/ends with colonist victory
Articles of Confederation
Constitutional Convention

38. Give three specific details about the Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson on behalf of colonists—signed by Continental Congress
Sent July 4, 1776
Message to King George III/and circulated amongst colonists to gain support for war
Main Idea: Colonies want independence from Britain
Explains our philosophy of government (natural rights, government protects these rights, if not, we have right to overthrow—John Locke’s influence)
Lists complaints against the king
Doesn’t mean much if we don’t win the war!

39. What was the Articles of Confederation?
First Constitution
Set up first government during Revolutionary War
Confederate form of govt—loose alliance of independent states
Very weak central power

40. Name 2 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
Each state got one vote in the legislature
Didn’t have power to tax
Didn’t have power to regulate commerce
No executive
No judicial
13/13 needed to make any changes to Articles
9/13 (69%) needed to make laws
NO POWER (nothing binding)

41. What compromise finally settled the debate over representation in Congress?
The Great Compromise (Connecticut Compromise)

42. How was Congress set up? Bicameral: House of Representatives Senate
House of Reps: Based on population (435)
Senate: Each state gets 2 (100)

43. SO, how many TOTAL legislatures do we have?
535 ( )

44. What is the 3/5 Compromise?
The compromise over how to count slaves in a state’s population
Slaves were to count as 3/5 a person (for every 5 slaves, they counted as 3)
Favored slave states

45. What is a Constitution?
Written document that SETS UP A GOVERNMENT (outlines rules/power of government) Explains how a government will run

46. Who are the Federalists?
Group of people who supported the RATIFICATION (approval) of the U.S. Constitution
Ex’s: James Madison, Alexander Hamilton They circulated the Federalist Papers to try to gain support

47. Who are the Anti-Federalists?
People who did NOT favor ratification of the Constitution
Anti-Federalists had two main concerns:
States were losing too much power
It was missing a Bill of Rights
Ex’s: Patrick Henry, Thomas Jefferson