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Classification of Living Things
Learning About The Kingdoms Of Life
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What is Classification?
The organization of objects using characteristics & attributes
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Biological Classification
Systems that name & organize living things in a meaningful way AKA taxonomy
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History Aristotle 400 BC Not a good system. Why?????
Used 2 categories and subdivided according to how they moved Plants Air, land, water Animals Not a good system. Why????? Used for 2000 years
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History 1600’s began to classify according to similarities in form (structure) 1700’s Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish) Created system used today Used system to ID all known plants & animals of his time Developed a systematic naming process Simple, logical, easy
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Old Naming System (pre-Linnaeus)
Confusing Had up to 12 names Names for same animal/plant different in different countries & books
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Modern System (post-Linnaeus)
2 functions 1 groups organisms according to basic characteristics 2 gives unique name to each organism Ranges from general (Kingdom) to specific (Species) Based on evolutionary relationships To be in same species, must be capable of interbreeding & produce fertile young EX: horse + donkey = mule (not fertile) EX: lion + tiger = liger/tigon (not fertile)
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Think of it like this… Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
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Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Binomial Nomenclature- 2 name naming system Bi two Nom name Clature system Uses Genus & species EX: Homo sapiens AKA modern man
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HOMEWORK Come up with a new mnemonic device to help remember the classification system Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Make a picture to go with your saying Be creative Due Monday
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The Five Kingdoms
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Monerans Single celled (unicellular) Microscopic
Nucleus does not have a membrane Lacks cell structures Absorbs food 10,000+ known species EX: blue-green algae, bacteria
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Protists Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus has a membrane
Sometimes found in chains or colonies Has cell structures 250,000+ known species Absorbs, ingests or photosynthesizes food EX: diatoms, amoeba, paramecium, euglena, flagellates, other protozoans
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Fungi Multicellular Specialized cells & structures Absorbs food
100,000+ known species EX: mushrooms, yeast, mildew, mold
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Plants Multicellular Photosynthesizes food
Specialized cells and structures Rigid cell walls for support 250,000+ known species EX: trees, mosses, flowering plants, ferns
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Animals Multicellular
Specialized cells & structures, including tissues, organs, organ systems Own form of locomotion Heterotrophs No rigid cell walls 1,000,000+ known species
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Animal Phyla Chordates Vertebrates Invertebrates
Have rigid backbone and skeletal system for support Located inside body Invertebrates No rigid backbone or skeleton Some have external support called exoskeleton Exo- outside skeleton- support EX: insects, spiders
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Vertebrate Classes
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Invertebrate Classes
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Terms to Know Autotrophs make own food
Heterotrophs get food from another source Photosynthesis using the sun’s energy to make own food Prokaryotic nucleus not enclosed; DNA flows freely in cell Eukaryotic has an enclosed nucleus (where DNA is stored) Locomotion means of movement; transportation
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Terms to Know Sessile non- moving; stationary
Motile mobile; ability to move Taxonomy another word for classification Nucleus cell structure that contains DNA for reproduction; enclosed with a membrane
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