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Classification of Living Things

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1 Classification of Living Things
Learning About The Kingdoms Of Life

2 What is Classification?
The organization of objects using characteristics & attributes

3 Biological Classification
Systems that name & organize living things in a meaningful way AKA taxonomy

4 History Aristotle 400 BC Not a good system. Why?????
Used 2 categories and subdivided according to how they moved Plants Air, land, water Animals Not a good system. Why????? Used for 2000 years

5 History 1600’s began to classify according to similarities in form (structure) 1700’s Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish) Created system used today Used system to ID all known plants & animals of his time Developed a systematic naming process Simple, logical, easy

6 Old Naming System (pre-Linnaeus)
Confusing Had up to 12 names Names for same animal/plant different in different countries & books

7 Modern System (post-Linnaeus)
2 functions 1 groups organisms according to basic characteristics 2 gives unique name to each organism Ranges from general (Kingdom) to specific (Species) Based on evolutionary relationships To be in same species, must be capable of interbreeding & produce fertile young EX: horse + donkey = mule (not fertile) EX: lion + tiger = liger/tigon (not fertile)

8 Think of it like this… Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

9 Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Binomial Nomenclature- 2 name naming system Bi two Nom name Clature system Uses Genus & species EX: Homo sapiens AKA modern man

10 HOMEWORK Come up with a new mnemonic device to help remember the classification system Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species Make a picture to go with your saying Be creative  Due Monday

11 The Five Kingdoms

12 Monerans Single celled (unicellular) Microscopic
Nucleus does not have a membrane Lacks cell structures Absorbs food 10,000+ known species EX: blue-green algae, bacteria

13 Protists Unicellular; microscopic Nucleus has a membrane
Sometimes found in chains or colonies Has cell structures 250,000+ known species Absorbs, ingests or photosynthesizes food EX: diatoms, amoeba, paramecium, euglena, flagellates, other protozoans

14 Fungi Multicellular Specialized cells & structures Absorbs food
100,000+ known species EX: mushrooms, yeast, mildew, mold

15 Plants Multicellular Photosynthesizes food
Specialized cells and structures Rigid cell walls for support 250,000+ known species EX: trees, mosses, flowering plants, ferns

16 Animals Multicellular
Specialized cells & structures, including tissues, organs, organ systems Own form of locomotion Heterotrophs No rigid cell walls 1,000,000+ known species

17 Animal Phyla Chordates Vertebrates Invertebrates
Have rigid backbone and skeletal system for support Located inside body Invertebrates No rigid backbone or skeleton Some have external support called exoskeleton Exo- outside skeleton- support EX: insects, spiders

18 Vertebrate Classes

19 Invertebrate Classes

20 Terms to Know Autotrophs make own food
Heterotrophs get food from another source Photosynthesis using the sun’s energy to make own food Prokaryotic nucleus not enclosed; DNA flows freely in cell Eukaryotic has an enclosed nucleus (where DNA is stored) Locomotion means of movement; transportation

21 Terms to Know Sessile non- moving; stationary
Motile mobile; ability to move Taxonomy another word for classification Nucleus cell structure that contains DNA for reproduction; enclosed with a membrane


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