1. Brown to Birmingham: Shirley M. Malcom, Ph.D. A Personal Odyssey into Science

2. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Plessy vs. Ferguson 1896 Supreme Court ruled separate-but-equal facilities constitutional on intrastate railroads

3. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science

5. Black Schools/HBCUs

6. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Brown v. Board of Education 1954 End of de jure segregation No effect on de facto segregation

7. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science

8. Shirley Mahaley Born September 6, 1946, in Birmingham, AL Entered Hudson School 1952 Graduated Carver H.S. 1963 CHRONOLOGY

9. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science October 4, 1957 The Cold War The Space Race NDEA and the push for science and engineering (signed September 2, 1958) Soviet Union Launch of Sputnik

10. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Shirley Mahaley Born September 6, 1946, in Birmingham, AL Entered Hudson School 1952 Graduated Carver H.S. 1963 CHRONOLOGY, continued Lewis School (7 th grade science + Mr. Smoot)

11. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Shirley Mahaley NSF-Funded Math Science Teacher Institutes Carver High School CHRONOLOGY, continued Mr. Maull, Mr. Burton, Mr. Bell

12. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Integration of Universities in the South Autherine Lucy Foster – Univ. of Alabama, 1955-56 Charles Hunter-Gault and Hamilton Holmes – Univ. of Georgia, 1961 James Meredith – Univ. of Mississippi, September 1962 Vivian Malone Jones and James Hood – Univ. of Alabama, June 11, 1963

13. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Medicine or Science? Univ. of Washington, 1963-64

14. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Role of HBCUs in Science and Engineering Leading producers of bachelors degrees Leading in baccalaureate origins

15. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Evidence of Underparticipation

16. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science PhDs Awarded to U.S. Citizens in Natural Science and Engineering, by Race/Ethnicity (Underrepresented Groups and Asians), 1977-2002

17. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science PhDs Awarded to U.S. Citizens in Engineering, by Race/Ethnicity (Underrepresented Groups and Asians), 1977-2002

18. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science PhDs Awarded to U.S. Citizens in Engineering, by Race/Ethnicity, 1977-2002

19. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science PhDs Awarded to U.S. Citizens in the Physical Sciences, by Race/Ethnicity (Underrepresented Groups and Asians), 1977-2002

20. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science PhDs Awarded to U.S. Citizens in Mathematics and Computer Science, by Race/Ethnicity (Underrepresented Groups and Asians), 1977-2002

21. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science PhDs Awarded to U.S. Citizens in the Life Sciences, by Race/Ethnicity (Underrepresented Groups and Asians), 1977-2002

22. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science African American Top 15 Baccalaureate Awarding Institutions in the Biological and Life Sciences 1.Xavier University 2.Howard University 3.Hampton University 4.Jackson State Univ. 5.South Carolina State 6.Univ. of MD College Park 7.Florida A&M Univ. 8.Tuskegee Univ 9.Tennessee State 10.Prairie View A&M 11.Alcorn State 12.Morehouse College 13.Grambling State 14.Oakwood College 15.Georgia State

23. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science African American Top 15 Baccalaureate Awarding Institutions in Engineering 1.Georgia Tech 2.North Carolina A&T 3.Florida A&M 4.Morgan State Univ 5.Tuskegee Univ 6.Southern Univ and A&M College 7.Prairie View A&M 8.North Carolina State 9.Univ. of Mich 10.Mich. State 11.Tennessee State 12.Clemson Univ 13.VA Tech 14.Univ of Maryland 15.Univ of Florida

24. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science African American Top 15 Baccalaureate Awarding Institutions in Mathematics 1.CUNY NY College 2.Spelman College 3.Morehouse College 4.South Carolina State 5.North Carolina State 6.Clark Atlanta Univ 7.Univ of North Carolina 8.Virginia State 9.Savannah State 10.Tuskegee Univ 11.Georgia State 12.Marygrove College 13.Michigan State 14.Univ of Illinois 15.Texas A&M

25. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science African American Top 15 Baccalaureate Awarding Institutions in the Physical Sciences 1.Xavier University 2.Howard University 3.Tennessee State 4.Lincoln Univ 5.Jackson State 6.CUNY City College 7.Spelman College 8.Dillard Univ 9.Florida A&M 10.North Carolina State 11.Southern University and A&M College 12.Morehouse College 13.Georgia Southern U 14.Fisk Univ 15.Georgia State

26. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science African American Top 15 Baccalaureate Origin Institutions of Science and Engineering Doctorate Recipients, 1997-2001 1.Howard University 2.Spelman College 3.Hampton University 4.Morehouse College 5.MIT 6.Harvard Univ 7.North Carolina A&T State Univ. 8.Southern Univ 9.UC-Berkeley 10.Univ of Maryland 11.Univ of Michigan 12.Stanford Univ 13.Xavier University 14.Jackson State Univ 15.North Carolina State

27. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Hispanic American Top 15 Baccalaureate Origin Institutions of Science and Engineering Doctorate Recipients, 1997-2001 1.University of PR Piedras 2.University of PR Mayaguez 3.Univ of Texas Austin 4.UC-Berkeley 5.MIT 6.UCLA 7.Florida International 8.Texas A&M 9.University of Florida 10.Cornell University 11.Stanford University 12.Univ of TX El Paso 13.UC-Irvine 14.University of Miami 15.UC-Davis

28. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science Retrospective and Prospective 1973 – Adams v. Richardson 1978 – Bakke v. Regents of the Univ. of California 2003 – Gratz v. Bollinger; Grutter v. Bollinger

29. Brown to Birmingham: A Personal Odyssey into Science