1. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers Shirley M. Malcom

2. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 2 Demographics of STEM Workforce Minority = Black/African American, Hispanic, and American Indian Source: Joan Burrelli, NSF, based on 1999 Common Core of Data, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES); NCES, 1998 IPEDS Fall Enrollment Survey; UCLA Higher Education Research Institute,1998 American Freshman Survey (estimate); and NCES, 1998 IPEDS Completions Survey

3. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 3 Evidence of Underparticipation Disaggregated

4. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 4 A Decade of Degrees in Selected Fields, By Race / Ethnicity

5. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 5 A Decade of Degrees in Selected Fields, by Sex (Includes U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents Only) 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 1994 2004 1994 2002 1994 20021994 2003 Women Men MedicineLawBusinessS&E PhDs Source: CPST, data derived from AAMC, ABA, NSF and NCES

6. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 6 Doctorate Recipients (U.S. Citizens & Permanent Residents, 2004)

7. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 7 Percent of Women Among All Earned Doctorates, by Field, 2004 FIELDTOTALPERCENT Physics & Astronomy1,35117.0 Chemistry1,98731.7 EAM 68734.8 Mathematics1,07528.4 Computer Science 94920.5 Engineering5,77617.6 Life Sciences8,81949.4 Psychology3,33667.3 Economics 96029.4 Social Sciences, including Psychology 6,79539.0

8. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 8 Undergraduate STEM Trends, continued Increasing participation by women in all fields (at or near parity in total S/E, physical, mathematical and social sciences; above parity in biological sciences and psychology; below parity in engineering (20.3%) and computer science (27.3%) Minority women represent higher proportion of engineering degrees within race/ethnic group White women – 18.2% of white total in 2001 African American women – 35.6% Hispanic women – 23.9% Asian women – 24% American Indian women – 25.1%

9. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 9 Undergraduate STEM Trends, continued In 2001, African American women received a larger proportion of degrees than African American men in all fields except engineering (35.6%) and computer science (46.6%) Declining numbers of underrepresented minorities in engineering In 2001, HBCUs contributed disproportionate to their share of African American enrollees to degrees in physical sciences (44.8%), biological sciences (41.4%), mathematics (40.8%), agricultural sciences (46.4%), and computer science (29.8%), although that effect has modified since the early 1990s.

10. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 10 Science and Engineering as Human Activities Reclaiming S & T

11. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 11 Science & Technology as Reflections of Society Justifying social relationships Social Darwinism Mismeasure of Man Meeting societal needs Answering fundamental questions Reflecting status and power relationships

12. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 12 The First African American Ph.D. Doctorate in Physics from Yale University in 1876 Edward Bouchet

13. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 13 Basic Sciences OR the Practical Arts

14. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 14 The Case of E.E. Just Black Apollo of Science by Kenneth Manning

15. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 15 Historic Role of HBCUs Source of employment Research opportunities Undergraduate preparation of future researchers (Baccalaureate origins)

16. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 16 Post-Sputnik to Great Society 1957 – Early 1970s: From national need to civil rights

17. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 17 What difference does diversity make to science and engineering?

18. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 18 Men, Women and the Story of Aspirin

19. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 19

20. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 20 Health Disparities

21. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 21 Science Policy Research priorities Whose needs? And who decides? Digital Divide, or Do some problems solve themselves?

22. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 22 How might S/E be different were there more minorities and women in these fields? Education Research Policy Practice

23. Cultivating the Underrepresented Majority for STEM: Its Not Just About the Numbers 23 The Educational Value of Diversity