1. EUROPEAN COLONIALISM IN AFRICA THE CARVING UP OF AFRICA World Cultures AFRICA UNIT

2. REASONS FOR THE SLAVE TRADE STUDENTS RESONSE TEACHER NOTES Resources and minerals Gold, Ivory, Diamonds, Peanut Oil, Salt, Cocoa…and of course, SLAVES.

4. EFFECTS OF THE SLAVE TRADE STUDENTS RESONSE TEACHER NOTES New world (Americas) accepting of slavery and culture of inferiority Families in Africa ripped apart Violence among neighboring tribes (remember, they have guns now) Healthy, strong males no longer available

5. Bringing an end to Slavery By the 1800’s, many European nations begin passing anti-slave laws

6. 19 th Century Industrial Revolution in Europe!

7. So, why does Slavery slow down…. 1. Before 1800’s most work was done by hand! 2. Post 1800’s work is done in factories by machines! CUT COSTS BY GETTING CHEAP AND OFTEN FREE MATERIALS…FROM YOUR COLONY!

8. Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Pop. Soc. & Eco. Opportunities Humanitarian Reasons European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism

9. Using the Greeks as the most purest form of humanity, Europeans used race based decisions about the inequality of Africans based on their physical characteristics This illustration from the 19th century reflects the racist aspirations of its time. A black person is on the same tree with a chimp, a gorilla and an orangutan. This hatred and disdain against blacks was an important element of the Nazi ideology.

10. Cecil Rhodes Wealthy businessman Believed in racial supremacy Wanted a British Empire in Africa

11. If the people of Africa are so different, what purpose will they have with European goods?

12. So…after the Europeans established colonies in the NEW WORLD and ASIA, they turned their interests to colonizing AFRICA

13. Competition over colonies leads to violence

14. The Belgium Congo and King Leopold

15. Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 Another point of view?  1.No Africans 2.Made and accepted boundaries 3.Sent surveyors to map routes for roads and railroads Except: Liberia & Ethiopia In November 1884, Otto von Bismarck of Germany convened a 14-nation conference. (Berlin Conference)

19. Doctor Livingstone, I Presume? Dr. David Livingstone Explored Central Africa along the Nile River and disappeared for 11 years. Sir Henry Mortan Stanley found him. Named Victoria Falls after Queen Victoria. Sir Henry Morton Stanley

20. Modern Medicine “Quinine” Why were Europeans able to imperialize?

21. The Congo Free State or The Belgian Congo The state included the entire area of the present Democratic Republic of the Congo and existed from 1885 to 1908, when it was annexed by the government of Belgium. Immensely profitable, the Congo Free State eventually earned infamy due to the brutal mistreatment of native peoples and plunder of natural resources.

22. King Leopold II (1865 – 1909) Congo Free State was a corporate state privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the Belgians through a dummy non-governmental organization, the Association Internationale Africaine.

23. Harvesting Rubber

26. Punishing “Lazy” Workers

27. 5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.) It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

29. Leopold’s Conscience??

30. All Europeans wanted a piece of Africa

31. What impact did this have on the African people? POSITIVESNEGATIVES Sanitation Hospitals Literacy New languages Lost land and independence Smallpox Famine because of cash crops Breakdown of traditional culture Division of the African continent created artificial boundaries

32. In addition to practical matters of economics and politics, the new imperialism was motivated by cultural attitudes. European imperialists felt superior to non-European peoples Some began to argue humanity should be divided into distinct peoples and races Claimed biological differences existed between races Racist view — people of European descent superior to people of African, Asian descent Cultural Motives As result, some Europeans believed rule in Africa is justified Teaching Africans good government Some imperialists believed actions noble, their duty to educate those considered inferior Referred to their influence in Africa as “the white man’s burden,” after poem by Rudyard Kipling Rule Justified Cultural Motives

33. In the 1880s, driven by economic, political and cultural motives, Europeans began to compete for additional territory in Africa. Africa, huge continent, rugged terrain; travel, control difficult 1800s, scientific advances made travel, control in Africa easier Scientific Advances Discovery of drug quinine helped Europeans protect selves against malaria Automatic machine gun created strong military advantage Protection Development of telegraphs, railroads, steamships helped Europeans overcome problems of communication, travel New Developments European Claims in Africa