1. Indoor Environmental Quality
Expresses:
Who we are
Who we are associated with
What we are talking about today

2. Session 3: Agenda Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality
Goals
LEED NC Prerequisites & Credits
Intent & Strategies
LEED EB O&M Credits
Phases of a LEED Project
Review of Referenced Standards
Review Questions

3. 30-70% ENERGY VERIFIED PERFORMANCE SAVINGS ENHANCED INCREASED
Improved
Bottom
Line.
9/22/2007
30-70% ENERGY
SAVINGS
VERIFIED
PERFORMANCE
ENHANCED
PRODUCTIVITY
INCREASED
VALUE
REDUCED
LIABILITY &
IMPROVED
RISK
MANAGEMENT

4. PRODUCTIVITY Improved Bottom Line. REDUCED ABSENTEEISM REDUCED
9/22/2007
30-70% ENERGY
SAVINGS
VERIFIED
PERFORMANCE
REDUCED
ABSENTEEISM
INCREASED
VALUE
PRODUCTIVITY
REDUCED
LIABILITY &
IMPROVED
RISK
MANAGEMENT
ENHANCED
RECRUITMENT
IMPROVED
EMPLOYEE
MORALE

5. IMPROVED TEST PERFORMANCE PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE
Increased
Productivity.
9/22/2007
IMPROVED TEST PERFORMANCE
SCHOOLS
EARLIER
DISCHARGE
HOSPITALS
INCREASE
IN SALES PER
SQUARE FOOT
RETAIL
INCREASED
PRODUCTION
FACTORIES
2-16%
PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE
OFFICES

6. Environmental Impacts of Buildings
9/22/2007
Environmental Impacts of Buildings
INDOOR AIR QUALITY (IAQ)
Over 30% of buildings have poor indoor air quality,
Often the air inside the average home is 10 times more polluted than the outside air on the smoggiest of days,
We spend 90% of our time indoors. *
Source: EPA
Poor IAQ is due to inefficient gas burning appliances, VOCs in paints/adhesives/cleaning agents/carpet, CO from cars in garage, burning candles (burning parrafin wax/oil and lead wicks), pet dander, moth balls, deodorizers, dry cleaning fluids, softeners in plastics, high humidity growing mold, dust, cooking smoke, tobacco smoke, pesticides and everything else tracked into the home with shoes.
Without scaring people, talk about the common sense of letting infants crawl and play on the vinyl floor which offgasses vinyl chloride and other toxins and on carpet that also offgasses chemicals and acts like a sponge, holding everything possible. Children are more susceptible to toxins than adults are.
The solution is to buy different building materials and cleaners, ventilate the home.
* Source: EPA

7. IEQ air quality materials thermal comfort daylighting & views lighting
Topics Within Indoor Environmental Quality
9/22/2007
air quality
materials
IEQ
thermal comfort
daylighting & views
lighting

8. 2 Prerequisites, 15 points Indoor Environmental Quality
9/22/2007
Indoor Environmental Quality
2 Prerequisites, 15 points
LEED New Construction EQ
Pr 1
Minimum IAQ Performance
Req
Pr 2
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
C 1
Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1
C 2
Increased Ventilation
C 3.1
Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction
C 3.2
Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy (N/A Core & Shell)
C 4.1
Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants
C 4.2
Low-Emitting Materials, Paints & Coatings
C 4.3
Low-Emitting Materials, Flooring Systems
C 4.4
Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood & Agrifiber
C 5
Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control C
Controllability of Systems Lighting & Thermal Comfort 2 C
Thermal Comfort – Design, verification C
Daylight and Views

9. 3 Prerequisites, 19 points Indoor Environmental Quality
9/22/2007
Indoor Environmental Quality
3 Prerequisites, 19 points
LEED for Schools EQ
Pr 1
Minimum IAQ Performance
Req
Pr 2
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
Pr 3
Minimum Acoustical Performance
C 1
Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1
C 2
Increased Ventilation
C 3.1
Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction
C 3.2
Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy (N/A Core & Shell)
C 4
Low-Emitting Materials (includes furniture & ceiling+walls)
1-4
C 5
Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control C
Controllability of Systems – Lighting & Thermal Comfort 2 C
Thermal Comfort – Design, Verification
C 8.1
Daylight and Views – Daylight: 75%, 90% classrms, 75% other
1-3
C 8.2
Daylight and Views – Views
C 9
Enhanced Acoustical Performance
C 10
Mold Prevention

10. 2 Prerequisites, 12 points Indoor Environmental Quality
9/22/2007
Indoor Environmental Quality
2 Prerequisites, 12 points
LEED Core and Shell EQ
Pr 1
Minimum IAQ Performance
Req
Pr 2
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
C 1
Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring 1
C 2
Increased Ventilation
C 3
Construction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction
C 4.1
Low-Emitting Materials, Adhesives & Sealants
C 4.2
Low-Emitting Materials, Paints & Coatings
C 4.3
Low-Emitting Materials, Flooring Systems
C 4.4
Low-Emitting Materials, Composite Wood & Agrifiber
C 5
Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control
C 6
Controllability of Systems – Lighting & Thermal Comfort
C 7
Thermal Comfort - Design C
Daylight and Views 2

11. Minimum IAQ Performance
9/22/2007
Intent:
Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well-being of the occupants.

12. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
9/22/2007
Intent:
Minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces, and ventilation air distribution systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS).

13. Potential Technologies and Strategies:
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
9/22/2007
Potential Technologies and Strategies:
Prohibit smoking in the building.
Locate exterior smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes, operable windows.
Prohibit smoking except in designated, enclosed smoking areas which maintain differential air pressure

14. Prohibit smoking in all common areas of the building
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
9/22/2007
Residential only:
Prohibit smoking in all common areas of the building
Locate exterior smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes, operable windows.
Compartmentalize: seal penetrations in walls, ceilings and floors in units and adjacent vertical chases, weatherstrip unit doors to common hallways

15. Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
9/22/2007
Intent
Provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help sustain occupant comfort and well-being.
Monitor carbon dioxide concentrations within densely occupied spaces. Provide direct outdoor airflow measurement devices for non-densely occupied spaces.

16. Potential Technologies and Strategies:
Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
9/22/2007
Potential Technologies and Strategies:
Install permanent monitoring systems to ensure that ventilation systems maintain design minimum ventilation requirements by generating an alarm when the conditions vary by 15% or more from setpoint, via either a building automation system alarm or an alert to the building occupants.

17. Tips From the Pros
9/22/2007
Note that this strategy deals with Carbon Dioxide sensors, not Carbon Monoxide sensors. Carbon dioxide sensors detect the build-up of stale air and offer a practical means of confirming proper ventilation.
A national study, Cost of Green Revisited by Davis Langdon, published in July 2007 listed the cost of this prerequisite commissioning as $1.50-$3.00 / sf.
I (Holly) have worked on a project that was $0.30 / sf.

18. Increased Ventilation
9/22/2007
Intent:
Provide additional outdoor air ventilation to improve indoor air quality for improved occupant comfort, well-being and productivity.

19. Construction IAQ Management During Construction
9/22/2007
Intent:
Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.
Ductwork sealed to prevent contamination

20. occupancy phases of the building as follows:
Construction IAQ Management During Construction
9/22/2007
Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the construction and pre-
occupancy phases of the building as follows:
During construction, meet SMACNA IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2007, Chapter 3: HVAC Protection, Source Control, Pathway Interruption, Housekeeping, Scheduling

21. Protect stored on-site or
Construction IAQ Management During Construction
9/22/2007
Protect stored on-site or
installed absorptive materials from moisture damage.
If permanently installed air handlers are used during construction, use filtration media at each return air grille as determined by ASHRAE Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy.

22. Lined ductwork stored in wet area promoting microbial growth
Construction IAQ Management During Construction
9/22/2007
Lined ductwork stored in wet area promoting microbial growth

23. 2. Conduct IAQ testing after construction ends and prior to occupancy
Construction IAQ Management Before Occupancy
9/22/2007
Intent:
Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well-being of construction workers and building occupants.
1. After construction ends, prior to occupancy and with all interior finishes installed, perform a building flush-out OR
2. Conduct IAQ testing after construction ends and prior to occupancy

24. Graph: Environmental Building News May/June 1996: Source: CMHC
Construction IAQ Management Before Occupancy
9/22/2007
Why Flush-Out?
Construction creates airborne particulates
Materials out-gas the most when new
Graph: Environmental Building News May/June 1996: Source: CMHC

25. Low-Emitting Materials
9/22/2007
Intent:
Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants.

26. Aerosol Adhesives: Green Seal Standard for Commercial Adhesives GS-36
Low-Emitting Materials: Adhesives & Sealants
9/22/2007
All adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building (i.e., inside the weatherproofing system and applied on-site) shall comply with the LEED referenced standards:
Adhesives, Sealants and Sealant Primers: South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule #1168.
Aerosol Adhesives: Green Seal Standard
for Commercial Adhesives GS-36
Schools: CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers
These standards set VOC (Volatile Organic Compound) limits.

27. Paints and coatings used on the interior of the
Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings
9/22/2007
Paints and coatings used on the interior of the
building shall comply with the following standards:
Paints, coatings, & primers on interior walls & ceilings: Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, 1993
Anti-corrosive & anti-rust paints on interior ferrous metals: Green Seal Standard GC-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, 2nd Edition, Jan 7, (250 g/L )
Clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains, primers, sealers, & shellacs: South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings, Jan 1, 2004
Schools: CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers
Inside of building - (ie. inside the weatherproofing system and applied on-site)

28. All carpet adhesive shall meet the VOC limit of 50 g/L.
Low-Emitting Materials: Flooring Systems
9/22/2007
All interior carpet shall meet the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus requirements.
All interior carpet cushion shall meet the Carpet and Rug Institute Green Label requirements.
All carpet adhesive shall meet the VOC limit of 50 g/L.
All hard surface flooring must be FloorScore certified.
Concrete, wood, bamboo and cork floor finishes must meet SCAQMD Rule 1113.
Tile setting adhesives and grout must meet SCAQMD Rule 1168
Schools: CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers

29. veneer/laminate substrates, door cores.
Low-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products
9/22/2007
Choose composite wood and agrifiber products that contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins.
Some common composite wood and agrifiber products are: particleboard, medium density fiberboard (MDF), plywood, wheatboard, strawboard,
veneer/laminate substrates, door cores.
Schools: All products must meet CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for the testing of volatile organic emissions from various sources using small-scale environmental chambers.
inside building: (defined as inside of the weatherproofing system)

30. Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control
9/22/2007
Intent:
Minimize exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous particulates and chemical pollutants.

31. Employ permanent entryway systems At all outdoor entryways that
Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control
9/22/2007
Employ permanent entryway
systems
At all outdoor entryways that
serve as regular entry points for
building users to prevent
particulates from entering the
building.
Roll-out mats can only be used when they are maintained on a weekly basis

32. Employ exhaust systems Where hazardous gases or chemicals may be
Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control
9/22/2007
Employ exhaust systems
Where hazardous gases or chemicals may be
present (including garages, housekeeping / laundry
areas and copying / printing rooms), exhaust and
negatively pressurize space.
For each of these spaces, provide:
Self-closing doors and deck to deck partitions or a hard lid ceiling
Exhaust with no air re-circulation
Pressure differential
Negatively pressurized - with the doors to the room closed

33. In mechanically ventilated buildings each system
Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Control
9/22/2007
In mechanically ventilated buildings each system
supplying outdoor air shall:
Use particle filters or air cleaning devices to clean outdoor air at any location prior to it introduction to occupied space.
Filters or devices should be rated MERV 13 or higher (in accordance with ASHRAE 52.2)
Clean air filtration media installed in all air systems after construction and before occupancy.
*In LEED 2009, buildings that with chilled beam systems are eligible for this credit.

34. Controllability of Systems: Lighting
9/22/2007
Intent:
Provide a high level of lighting system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., classrooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants.
Lighting controls enable individuals to make adjustments to suit individual task needs and preferences.

35. Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort
9/22/2007
Intent:
Provide a high level of thermal comfort system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., classrooms or conference areas.).
Individual controls, operable windows, and controls for all shared multi-occupant spaces.

36. Referenced Standards:
Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort
9/22/2007
Referenced Standards:
ASHRAE : Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
AND
ASHRAE : Thermal Environment Conditions for Human Occupancy

37. Thermal Comfort: Design
9/22/2007
Intent:
Provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports the productivity and wellbeing of building occupants.

38. Thermal Comfort: Design
9/22/2007
Requirements:
Design HVAC systems and the building envelope to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard , Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy. Demonstrate design compliance in accordance with the Section Documentation.
ASHRAE Section 5.3 provides an optional method of compliance for naturally ventilated buildings.

39. Provide for the assessment of building thermal comfort over time.
Thermal Comfort Verification
9/22/2007
Intent:
Provide for the assessment of building thermal comfort over time.
Implement a thermal comfort survey 6 to 18 months after occupancy.
Develop a plan for corrective action if the survey indicates that more than 20% of occupants are dissatisfied.
This plan should include measurement of environmental variables in problem areas in accordance with ASHRAE Standard

40. Access to Daylight & Views
9/22/2007
Intent:
Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building.
LEED awards points for providing daylight and views to into most of regularly occupied spaces.
*Exceptions for areas where tasks would be hindered by the use of daylight will be considered on their merits.

41. Effect of internal light shelf on classroom daylighting
Access to Daylight & Views
9/22/2007
OPTION 1 — GLAZING FACTOR CALCULATION:
OPTION 2 — DAYLIGHT SIMULATION MODEL
OPTION 3 — DAYLIGHT MEASUREMENT
Effect of internal light shelf on classroom daylighting

42. Outside Air Introduction & Exhaust Systems Required Pr 2
LEED EB O&M– Indoor Environmental Quality
3 Prerequisites, 15 Points EQ
Pr 1
Outside Air Introduction & Exhaust Systems
Required
Pr 2
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control
Pr 3
Green Cleaning Policy
C 1.1 – 1.5
IAQ Best Management Practices 5
C 2.1 – 2.4
Occupant Comfort 4
C 3.1 – 3.6
Green Cleaning 6 42

43. LEED EBOM
IAQ Best Management Practices
IAQ Management Program
Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
Increased Ventilation
Reduce Particulates in Air Distribution
Facility Alterations and Additions
Occupant Comfort
Occupant Survey
Controllability of Systems-Lighting
Thermal Comfort Monitoring
Daylight and Views

44. High Performance Cleaning Program Custodial Effectiveness Assessment
LEED EBOM
Green Cleaning
High Performance Cleaning Program
Custodial Effectiveness Assessment
Purchase of Sustainable Cleaning Products and Materials
Sustainable Cleaning Equipment
Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control
Integrated Pest Management

45. Questions?

46. Phases of a LEED Project
Expresses:
Who we are
Who we are associated with
What we are talking about today

47. Session 3: Agenda Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality
Phases of a LEED Project
Design and construction phase
Operations phase
Review of Referenced Standards
Review Questions

48. Design and Construction Phase

49. Operations Phase

50. Questions?

51. Review of Referenced Standards
Expresses:
Who we are
Who we are associated with
What we are talking about today

52. Session 3: Agenda Materials and Resources Indoor Environmental Quality
Phases of a LEED Project
Review of Referenced Standards
Review Questions

53. Review of Referenced Standards
The following referenced standards are a sample of the numerous standards used by the USGBC to support the LEED rating systems. Please see the specific LEED rating systems for further information.
ASHRAE
ASHRAE Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy
ASHRAE Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
ASHRAE/IESNA Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings

54. Review of Referenced Standards
EPA
Energy Policy Acts (EPAct) 1992, 2005
SMACNA
SMACNA 2007 IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2nd Edition 2007

55. Review of Referenced Standards
Adhesives, Sealants and Sealant Primers
South Coast Air Quality Management District
(SCAQMD) Rule #1168
Green Seal Standard for Commercial Adhesives GS-36
Paints, coatings, & primers
Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints, 1st Edition, May 20, 1993
Green Seal Standard GC-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints, 2nd Edition, Jan 7, 1997

56. Review of Referenced Standards
Clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains, primers, sealers, & shellacs
South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113, Architectural Coatings, Jan 1, 2004

57. Review of Referenced Standards
Carpet
Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label
Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus
Hard Flooring
All hard surface flooring must be FloorScore certified
Green Cleaning
Green Seal Standard GS-37 Industrial and Institutional Cleaners
Green Power
Center for Resource Solutions, Green-e Product Certification Requirements

58. Review of Referenced Standards
Recycled content
ISO Environmental Labels and Declarations—Self-Declared Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labeling)
Measurement &Verification
International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP), Volume III : Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April 2003