2. Step Up To: Psychology by John J. Schulte, Psy.D. From Myers, Psychology 8e Worth Publishers

3. Chapter 7: States of Consciousness Pay Attention Sweet Dreams Watch the Watch Trippin’ Altered States

4. 100 200 300 400 500 Pay Attention

5. 100 200 300 400 500 Sweet Dreams

6. 100 200 300 400 500 Watch the Watch

7. 100 200 300 400 500 Trippin’

8. 100 200 300 400 500 Altered States

9. 1. Consciousness is: A) the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember. B) the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem. C) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. D) our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

10. 2. Compared to subconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively ______ and especially effective for solving: A) fast; novel problems. B) slow; novel problems. C) fast; routine problems. D) slow; routine problems.

11. 3. The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of this century was: A) psychoanalysis. B) functionalism. C) behaviorism. D) Gestalt psychology.

12. 4. Unlike conscious processing, the processing of unconscious material occurs: A) simultaneously on multiple parallel tracks. B) serially, in sequence. C) slowly, while we are asleep. D) when we are focused and alert.

13. 5.An evolutionary explanation about why we sleep would be to: A) repair our brain. B) promote growth. C) keep us safe. D) help us to remember.

14. 6. Circadian rhythm refers to: A) the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience. B) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle. C) the experience of jet lag following a long flight overseas. D) the cycle of five distinct sleep stages.

15. 7. False sensory experiences that occur in the absence of appropriate sensory stimulation are called: A) night terrors. B) dreams. C) delusions. D) hallucinations.

16. 8. The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called: A) alpha waves. B) paradoxical sleep. C) sleep spindles. D) delta waves.

17. 9. Sleep deprivation has been shown to: A) increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks. B) reduce hypertension. C) enhance memory. D) diminish immunity to disease.

18. 10. Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia? A) Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime. B) Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before bedtime. C) Avoid taking short naps during the day. D) Awaken at the same time every day even if you had a restless night.

19. 11. A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called: A) narcolepsy. B) dissociation. C) paradoxical sleep. D) posthypnotic amnesia.

20. 12. In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a research assistant’s face. In this experiment, hypnotized people: A) usually refused to engage in antisocial behavior. B) behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals. C) were influenced to act against their own will. D) experienced a heightened sense of personal responsibility for their actions.

21. 13. Researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for: A) reducing fear. B) relieving pain. C) enhancing memory. D) facilitating relaxation.

22. 14. One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by: A) distracting attention. B) blocking sensory input. C) speeding up the circadian rhythm. D) eliciting delta waves characteristic of deep sleep.

23. 15.Joan’s dentist used hypnosis when he filled a deep cavity. Joan insisted that she felt no pain, but when the dentist asked her to raise her hand if some part of her could feel the pain, she raised her hand. This supports the theory that hypnosis involves: A) paradoxical sleep. B) role playing. C) motivational conflict. D) dissociation.

24. 16. When Sean was unable to obtain his regular supply of heroin, he began to develop tremors, fever, and an intense craving for the drug. Sean was experiencing symptoms of: A) narcolepsy. B) withdrawal. C) dissociation. D) tolerance.

25. 17. The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of: A) withdrawal. B) dissociation. C) resistance. D) tolerance. E) narcolepsy.

26. 18. Repeated use of an opiate: A) decreases the brain’s production of endorphins. B) increases heart and breathing rates. C) does not seem to be followed by serious withdrawal symptoms. D) triggers auditory as well as visual hallucinations.

27. 19. The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to: A) feel increased feelings of shame. B) hide the drug abuse from public view. C) feel powerless to overcome the addiction. D) become victims of social hostility and prejudice.

28. 20. When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by: A) depleting the brain’s supply of GABA. B) blocking the reuptake of dopamine. C) stimulating the release of excess norepinephrine. D) triggering a state of dissociation.

29. 21. After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of: A) cocaine. B) LSD. C) heroin. D) marijuana.

30. 22. Which of the following is an amphetamine that acts as a mild hallucinogen? A) marijuana B) Nembutal C) ecstasy D) heroin E) LSD

31. 23. Traffic accident rates have been found to ____ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to____ after the fall change back to standard time. A) increase; increase B) decrease; decrease C) increase; decrease D) decrease; increase

32. 24. Near-death experiences are: A) typically recalled as very scary and unpleasant. B) quite similar to drug-induced hallucinogenic experiences. C) recalled by nearly all who have been revived from a cardiac arrest. D) explained from a dualist perspective by most scientists today.

33. 25. The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that: A) most dreams are psychologically meaningless. B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy. C) most mammals experience REM rebound. D) sexual tension is naturally discharged during REM sleep.

35. Stop here, or continue as a review

36. 1. Consciousness is: A) the ability to solve problems, reason, and remember. B) the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem. C) the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. D) our awareness of ourselves and our environment. 271

37. 2. Compared to subconscious information processing, conscious information processing is relatively ______ and especially effective for solving: A) fast; novel problems. B) slow; novel problems. C) fast; routine problems. D) slow; routine problems. 273

38. 3. The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of this century was: A) psychoanalysis. B) functionalism. C) behaviorism. D) Gestalt psychology. 271

39. 4. Unlike conscious processing, the processing of unconscious material occurs: A) simultaneously on multiple parallel tracks. B) serially, in sequence. C) slowly, while we are asleep. D) when we are focused and alert. 272

40. 5.An evolutionary explanation about why we sleep would be to: A) repair our brain. B) promote growth. C) keep us safe. D) help us to remember. 282

41. 6. Circadian rhythm refers to: A) the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience. B) a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle. C) the experience of jet lag following a long flight overseas. D) the cycle of five distinct sleep stages. 275

42. 7. False sensory experiences that occur in the absence of appropriate sensory stimulation are called: A) night terrors. B) dreams. C) delusions. D) hallucinations. 277

43. 8. The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called: A) alpha waves. B) paradoxical sleep. C) sleep spindles. D) delta waves. 277

44. 9. Sleep deprivation has been shown to: A) increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks. B) reduce hypertension. C) enhance memory. D) diminish immunity to disease. 280

45. 10. Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia? A) Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime. B) Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before bedtime. C) Avoid taking short naps during the day. D) Awaken at the same time every day even if you had a restless night. 283

46. 11. A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet separately from other thoughts is called: A) narcolepsy. B) dissociation. C) paradoxical sleep. D) posthypnotic amnesia. 293

47. 12. In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a research assistant’s face. In this experiment, hypnotized people: A) usually refused to engage in antisocial behavior. B) behaved in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals. C) were influenced to act against their own will. D) experienced a heightened sense of personal responsibility for their actions. 292

48. 13. Researchers are most likely to question the value of hypnosis for: A) reducing fear. B) relieving pain. C) enhancing memory. D) facilitating relaxation. 293

49. 14. One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by: A) distracting attention. B) blocking sensory input. C) speeding up the circadian rhythm. D) eliciting delta waves characteristic of deep sleep. 293

50. 15.Joan’s dentist used hypnosis when he filled a deep cavity. Joan insisted that she felt no pain, but when the dentist asked her to raise her hand if some part of her could feel the pain, she raised her hand. This supports the theory that hypnosis involves: A) paradoxical sleep. B) role playing. C) motivational conflict. D) dissociation. 293

51. 16. When Sean was unable to obtain his regular supply of heroin, he began to develop tremors, fever, and an intense craving for the drug. Sean was experiencing symptoms of: A) narcolepsy. B) withdrawal. C) dissociation. D) tolerance. 297

52. 17. The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of: A) withdrawal. B) dissociation. C) resistance. D) tolerance. E) narcolepsy. 297

53. 18. Repeated use of an opiate: A) decreases the brain’s production of endorphins. B) increases heart and breathing rates. C) does not seem to be followed by serious withdrawal symptoms. D) triggers auditory as well as visual hallucinations. 300

54. 19. The greatest danger of viewing drug addiction as a disease is that this may lead drug addicts to: A) feel increased feelings of shame. B) hide the drug abuse from public view. C) feel powerless to overcome the addiction. D) become victims of social hostility and prejudice. 298

55. 20. When cocaine is snorted, free-based, or injected, it produces a rush of euphoria by: A) depleting the brain’s supply of GABA. B) blocking the reuptake of dopamine. C) stimulating the release of excess norepinephrine. D) triggering a state of dissociation. 301

56. 21. After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug, Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body. Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of: A) cocaine. B) LSD. C) heroin. D) marijuana. 302

57. 22. Which of the following is an amphetamine that acts as a mild hallucinogen? A) marijuana B) Nembutal C) ecstasy D) heroin E) LSD 302

58. 23. Traffic accident rates have been found to ____ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to____ after the fall change back to standard time. A) increase; increase B) decrease; decrease C) increase; decrease D) decrease; increase 287

59. 24. Near-death experiences are: A) typically recalled as very scary and unpleasant. B) quite similar to drug-induced hallucinogenic experiences. C) recalled by nearly all who have been revived from a cardiac arrest. D) explained from a dualist perspective by most scientists today. 309

60. 25. The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that: A) most dreams are psychologically meaningless. B) the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy. C) most mammals experience REM rebound. D) sexual tension is naturally discharged during REM sleep. 288

61. Acknowledgements Step Up Created by: –John J. Schulte, Psy.D. Based on Psychology, Eighth Edition by David Myers Published by Worth Publishers, 2006

62. Answers 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.D 16.B 17.D 18.A 19.C 20.B 21.B 22.C 23.C 24.B 25.C