1. PETROLEUM BY T YLER -M ARIE L EE K ING 21 st June, 2010

2. D EFINITION Petroleum Petroleum is defined as a thick, flammable, yellow-to- black mixture of gaseous, liquid and solid hydro-carbons that occurs naturally beneath the earth’s surface.

3. D EFINITION It can be separated into fractions including natural gas, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, fuel and lubricating oils, paraffin wax and asphalt and is used as raw material for a wide variety of derivative. (American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 2000).

4. This project looks at petroleum and its derivative, natural gas. This particular natural resource was chosen because of the world’s great demand for it as an energy source. Trinidad and Tobago is the second largest exporter of natural gas to the United States, and as such much revenue is generated by this industry.

5. Oil and gas consists of forty percent of our gross domestic product, and eighty percent of our exports. On June 20, 2010 the cost of a barrel of crude oil was estimated at US $77.35, natural gas US $5.00.

6. O IL AND G AS P RODUCERS Trinidad and Tobago is the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas. Russia is the world’s largest natural gas producer.

7. D EFINITION Natural Gas Natural gas is a mixture of gases created by fossil remains of animals and plants below the earth’s surface. This colorless, odorless gas is the cleanest, safest and most reliable source of energy which we use to generate electricity, heat our homes, and cook our food.

8. N ATURAL G AS When it burns it does not give off smoke, and emits smaller amounts of harmful pollutants than the burning of coal and other fossil fuels.

9. U SAGE Oil and its byproducts are used for an array of valuable purposes. Gasoline and diesel for transport, to plastics used in medicine and simple items such as petroleum jelly, insect repellant and shoe polish.

10. C ONSUMPTION  United States consumes 19,498 barrels of oil each day.  China, 8,731 barrels of oil each day.  Mexico, 2,228 barrels of oil each day.

11. A DVERSE E FFECTS Greenhouse gases are produced when this “gas” is burnt. This increases the earth’s temperature which causes the melting of the ice caps resulting in higher sea levels.

12. A DVERSE E FFECTS Temperature increase causes an increase in the temperature of the sea water which gives rise to natural disasters such as:  Hurricanes,  Earthquakes,  Tsunamis.

13. A DVERSE E FFECTS Some forms of plant and animal life become extinct when they can no longer survive under this climate change.

14. A DVERSE E FFECTS The world’s agricultural output will also be threatened by:  Severe drought.  Flooding.  Air pollution is also a major concern, as is the devastating impact of oil spills.

15. R ECOMMENDATIONS  Education and population awareness programs.  Practice energy conservation.  Recycle plastics.  Use of hydroelectric power.  Use of solar power panels in homes to heat water.

16. The End!