1. 1 GM HydroGen3 Demonstration Program Raj Choudhury General Motors Corporation Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments May 23, 2006 www.gmability.com

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4. 4 Fuel cells convert hydrogen into electricity through an “electrochemical process” 2H 2 + O 2 -> 2 H 2 O, + Electricity + Heat Hydrogen Fuel Cell Basics Very Quiet! No Exhaust! Very Efficient!

5. 5 Diffusion medium Bipolar plate (anode) Bipolar plate (cathode) Membrane electrode ass’y Fuel Cell Stack Typically, stack composed of 100s of cells HydroGen3’s stack puts out 94,000 Watts of electrical power

6. 6 Fuel Cell Power Plant vs. the “Internal Combustion Engine” Source: Scientific American Hydrogen-powered fuel cell engine: TWICEZERO TWICE the efficiency with ZERO emissions

7. HydroGen3 Fuel Cell Car Fuel cell power module Hydrogen storage Traction system

8. 8 Shell Hydrogen Station in Washington DC First retail station in the nation to offer both gasoline & hydrogen The Benning Road Station Five Year GM–US DOE $88 Million Fuel Cell Vehicle and Infrastructure Demonstration Program

9. 9 Shell Hydrogen Station in Washington DC President Bush refuels HydroGen3 at Shell Hydrogen station in Washington, DC (May 25, 2005)

10. 10 US Mail delivery in Washington, DC area (2004-06) 497,122 pieces of US Mail delivered in the first 19 months of the Program GM – Government Demo Programs GM also has programs with the US Military, and has just concluded one with DC DOT EPA Demo Program (2005-06)

11. 11 Where do we get the hydrogen? Oil Natural Gas Coal Carbon-based Nuclear Renewable Biomass Hydro Wind Solar Hydrogen CH 4 + H 2 0  CO + 3H 2 CO + H 2 O  CO 2 + H 2 2H 2 O  2H 2 + O 2 R eforming E lectrolysis R R R R E E E E

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13. 13 Hydrogen can help with….. Hydrogen Petroleum DependenceTrade Balance Global Climate Change (CO 2 ) Local Air Quality PM, HC, CO NO x, SO x CO 2, N 2 O, CH 4

14. 14  Cost (of the fuel cell system)  Hydrogen storage (since that determines driving range) Commercialization Challenges (it does no good if we can’t sell in high volumes…)  “ Infrastructure ” (namely, where do I refuel?)

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16. 16 World’s first drivable hydrogen powered fuel cell / by-wire vehicle (2002)

17. 17 Skateboard, Anyone??

18. 18 Inside the cockpit….

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20. 20 - 0 to 60 mph < 10 seconds - 300 mile range - 10,000 PSI compressed H 2 - By-wire controls - electric all-wheel drive - 11 inch “skateboard” GM “Sequel” (2005) So, you see, in addition to being COMPLETELY CLEAN and VERY EFFICIENT, Hydrogen & Fuel Cells can also lead to VERY EXCITING new vehicles !!

21. 21 Independence - Energy Independence Security & Diversity - Energy Security & Diversity Air Pollution - Reducing Air Pollution Global Warming Emissions - Reducing Global Warming Emissions Public Health - Protecting Public Health Jobs - Creating Jobs - Cars with performance & features beating expectations Industry-Government partnership can play a key role in facilitating the commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technology Key Drivers

22. 22 For more information please see www.gmability.com www.hydrogen.gov