1. What is Earth Science ?  Since the beginning of human history, people have observed the world around them.  Early people forged myths and legends to explain natural forces such as Volcano eruptions.  Not until careful observations and search for causes did the scientific study of the Earth began. The ancient Chinese in 780 B.C. began written records of Earth Quakes. The ancient Chinese in 780 B.C. began written records of Earth Quakes. The Mayas in Central Mexico kept tract of the movements Sun, Moon and Planets. The Mayas in Central Mexico kept tract of the movements Sun, Moon and Planets. Earth Science was born with this this accumulated knowledge

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3. What is Earth Science ?  The ancient Chinese in 780 B.C. began written records of Earth Quakes. The ancient Chinese in 780 B.C. began written records of Earth Quakes. The Mayas in Central Mexico kept tract of the movements Sun, Moon and Planets. The Mayas in Central Mexico kept tract of the movements Sun, Moon and Planets. Page 3 Mayan Culture Page 3 Mayan Culture Earth Science was born with this this accumulated knowledge

4. What is Earth Science ? Meteorology – The study of the Earth’s Atmosphere. Astronomy – The study of the Universe. It is one of the oldest branches of Earth Science.

5. What is Earth Science ? Astronomy – The study of the Universe. It is one of the oldest branches of Earth Science.

6. Oceanography – Is the study of the World Oceans. Oceans cover ¾ of the earths surface!

7. Oceanography – Who likes seafood?.. No wetlands, no seafood!

8. Geology – The study of the origin, history, and structure of the solid earth and its related process.

9. Mars Photos – 1/5/2004 !!

10. Space Sciences Mars Rover – Spirit Jan 5, 2004 !

12. The Importance of Earth Science Powerful forces are at work on the earth. Powerful forces are at work on the earth. Earthquakes reshape and rearranging the landscape. Earthquakes reshape and rearranging the landscape. Floods – This year, Western North Carolina has received an overabundance of rainfall. How has this reshaped our environment? Floods – This year, Western North Carolina has received an overabundance of rainfall. How has this reshaped our environment? Tornados Tornados

13. Ecology An area in which Biology and Earth Science are closely linked. An area in which Biology and Earth Science are closely linked. Ecologic Balance. Ecologic Balance. Environmental Pollution Environmental Pollution Protecting the Environment Protecting the Environment

14. Ecology In the 1970’s, extensive research was conducted on the ozone – Protected layer of the atmosphere was being destroyed. In the 1970’s, extensive research was conducted on the ozone – Protected layer of the atmosphere was being destroyed. Reduction in this threat was implemented by passing international treaties. One treaty banned the use of Chlorofluorocarbons. Reduction in this threat was implemented by passing international treaties. One treaty banned the use of Chlorofluorocarbons.

15. Environmental Pollution One serious threat to ecosystems today is pollution. One serious threat to ecosystems today is pollution. Air Quality Air Quality Water Quality Water Quality Good News …. Technology and the ability to generate energy etc. using new advancements. Electric Cars? Good News …. Technology and the ability to generate energy etc. using new advancements. Electric Cars?

16. End 1.1 End 1.1

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19. Paths to Discovery: Scientific Method Scientific Method – Scientific Method – 1. State the Problem, 1. State the Problem, Scientific inquiry begins as a result of observation. Scientific inquiry begins as a result of observation. Sight Sight Touch Touch Taste Taste Hearing Hearing Smell. Smell.

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21. Observation Observation Gathering of Information Measurement Measurement Gather Materials / Artifacts Gather Materials / Artifacts Inferring – Guess about the cause of an observed event Cause is not observed directly, only the effect Inferring – Guess about the cause of an observed event Cause is not observed directly, only the effect

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24. Scientific Method 2. Form a Hypothesis 2. Form a Hypothesis A Possible explanation or solution to the problem A Possible explanation or solution to the problem

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27. Scientific Method 3. Make a prediction 3. Make a prediction

29. Paths to Discovery: Scientific Method 3. Test the Hypothesis 3. Test the Hypothesis Experiment. Experiment.

31. Paths to Discovery: Scientific Method State a Conclusion State a Conclusion

33. Paths to Discovery: Scientific Method Process Skills Process Skills 1. Observing – Gathering of information around us using the five senses. 2. Classifying – arrangement of items according to some criteria such as size, shape, color. 3. Inferring – Guess about the cause of an observed event Cause is not observed directly, only the effect.

34. Paths to Discovery: Scientific Method Process Skills Process Skills 4. Measuring – determination of length, mass, volume, time or other dimensional quality by comparison to a standard. 5. Predicting – projection of the outcome of a future event. 1. Depends on observation, classification, and inference. 6. Communicating – The transfer of ideas and information 1. Can use graphs, charts, maps, symbols, diagrams 2. Must be clear and concise.

35. Paths to Discovery: Scientific Method Metric Measurement Measurement is a determination of length, mass, volume, time, or other dimensional quantity by comparison to a standard Measurement is a determination of length, mass, volume, time, or other dimensional quantity by comparison to a standard

37. Birth of a theory Theory Once a hypothesis has been tested and generally accepted. Theory Once a hypothesis has been tested and generally accepted. Scientific Law Once a theory is well established through research and experimentation it may become LAW. Scientific Law Once a theory is well established through research and experimentation it may become LAW.

38. Birth of a theory Spectrum Band of the various colors of the spectrum, discovered by Newton. Spectrum Band of the various colors of the spectrum, discovered by Newton. Wavelength Light travels in waves, Distance from one wave to the next. Wavelength Light travels in waves, Distance from one wave to the next.

39. Birth of a theory Doppler Effect The shift in the wavelengths of energy emitted by an energy source moving away or towards an observer. Doppler Effect The shift in the wavelengths of energy emitted by an energy source moving away or towards an observer. Spectroscope – Scientists use this instrument in determining chemical elements present in the stars. Spectroscope – Scientists use this instrument in determining chemical elements present in the stars. Red Shift – Spectrum light is red, indicating low frequency and object traveling away. Red Shift – Spectrum light is red, indicating low frequency and object traveling away.

40. Birth of a theory Background Radiation – Low levels of energy evenly distributed around the universe. Background Radiation – Low levels of energy evenly distributed around the universe.