4. WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR LUNG CANCER?

5. SMOKING

6. SYMPTOMS* *A SYMPTOMATIC IN EARLY STAGE F ATIGUE ( TIREDNESS ) F ATIGUE ( TIREDNESS ) C OUGH C OUGH S HORTNESS OF BREATH S HORTNESS OF BREATH C HEST PAIN C HEST PAIN L OSS OF APPETITE L OSS OF APPETITE C OUGHING UP PHLEGM C OUGHING UP PHLEGM H EMOPTYSIS ( COUGHING UP BLOOD ) H EMOPTYSIS ( COUGHING UP BLOOD ) I F CANCER HAS SPREAD, SYMPTOMS INCLUDE BONE PAIN, DIFFICULTY BREATHING, ABDOMINAL PAIN, HEADACHE, WEAKNESS, AND CONFUSION I F CANCER HAS SPREAD, SYMPTOMS INCLUDE BONE PAIN, DIFFICULTY BREATHING, ABDOMINAL PAIN, HEADACHE, WEAKNESS, AND CONFUSION

7. METASTASES

8. HOW IS LUNG CANCER EVALUATED? B ECAUSE ALMOST ALL PATIENTS WILL HAVE A TUMOR IN THE LUNG, A CHEST X - RAY OR CT SCAN OF THE CHEST IS PERFORMED B ECAUSE ALMOST ALL PATIENTS WILL HAVE A TUMOR IN THE LUNG, A CHEST X - RAY OR CT SCAN OF THE CHEST IS PERFORMED T HE DIAGNOSIS MUST BE CONFIRMED WITH A BIOPSY ( USE BRONCHOSCOPY ) T HE DIAGNOSIS MUST BE CONFIRMED WITH A BIOPSY ( USE BRONCHOSCOPY ) T HE LOCATION ( S ) OF ALL SITES OF CANCER IS DETERMINED BY ADDITIONAL CT SCANS, PET ( POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY ) SCANS, AND MRI ( MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ) T HE LOCATION ( S ) OF ALL SITES OF CANCER IS DETERMINED BY ADDITIONAL CT SCANS, PET ( POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY ) SCANS, AND MRI ( MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING ) I T IS IMPORTANT TO FIND OUT IF CANCER STARTED IN THE LUNG OR SOMEWHERE ELSE IN THE BODY. C ANCER ARISING IN OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY CAN SPREAD TO THE LUNG AS WELL I T IS IMPORTANT TO FIND OUT IF CANCER STARTED IN THE LUNG OR SOMEWHERE ELSE IN THE BODY. C ANCER ARISING IN OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY CAN SPREAD TO THE LUNG AS WELL

9. EARLY DETECTION N O TESTS ARE RECOMMENDED FOR SCREENING THE GENERAL POPULATION N O TESTS ARE RECOMMENDED FOR SCREENING THE GENERAL POPULATION I N THE PAST, BOTH CHEST X - RAYS AND SPUTUM CYTOLOGY WERE EVALUATED AS METHODS TO DETECT LUNG CANCER AT AN EARLIER STAGE, BUT NEITHER OF THESE PROCEDURES WERE FOUND TO IMPROVE LONG - TERM SURVIVAL. H ENCE, ROUTINE CHEST X - RAYS ARE NO LONGER USED IN SMOKERS TO SCREEN FOR LUNG CANCER. A LOW - DOSE HELICAL COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT OR CAT) SCAN IS CURRENTLY BEING STUDIED FOR THIS PURPOSE A LOW - DOSE HELICAL COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY (CT OR CAT) SCAN IS CURRENTLY BEING STUDIED FOR THIS PURPOSE A NY PERSON WHO IS AT INCREASED RISK DUE TO SMOKING OR ASBESTOS EXPOSURE SHOULD DISCUSS THE BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF A SCREENING CT SCAN WITH HIS OR HER DOCTOR A NY PERSON WHO IS AT INCREASED RISK DUE TO SMOKING OR ASBESTOS EXPOSURE SHOULD DISCUSS THE BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF A SCREENING CT SCAN WITH HIS OR HER DOCTOR A RECENT LARGE STUDY FOUND THAT HIGH RISK INDIVIDUALS WHO UNDERWENT ANNUAL CT SCREENING FOR 3 YEARS HAD A 20% REDUCED RISK OF DYING FROM LUNG CANCER. H IGH RISK IN THIS STUDY WAS DEFINED AS PEOPLE BETWEEN THE AGES OF 55 AND 74 WHO HAD AT LEAST A 30 PACK - YEAR HISTORY OF SMOKING.

10. CLASSIFICATION Frequency: Nucleus – 16,8% Trunk – 73,8% Cloak – 9,4%

11. CLASSIFICATION

12. TREATMENT T REATMENT DEPENDS ON THE STAGE AND TYPE OF LUNG CANCER T REATMENT DEPENDS ON THE STAGE AND TYPE OF LUNG CANCER S URGERY S URGERY R ADIATION THERAPY R ADIATION THERAPY C HEMOTHERAPY ( OPTIONS INCLUDE A COMBINATION OF DRUGS ) C HEMOTHERAPY ( OPTIONS INCLUDE A COMBINATION OF DRUGS ) T ARGETED THERAPY T ARGETED THERAPY L UNG CANCER IS USUALLY TREATED WITH A COMBINATION OF THERAPIES L UNG CANCER IS USUALLY TREATED WITH A COMBINATION OF THERAPIES

13. TREATMENT: SURGERY T HE TUMOR AND THE NEARBY LYMPH NODES IN THE CHEST ARE TYPICALLY REMOVED TO OFFER THE BEST CHANCE FOR CURE T HE TUMOR AND THE NEARBY LYMPH NODES IN THE CHEST ARE TYPICALLY REMOVED TO OFFER THE BEST CHANCE FOR CURE F OR NON - SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, A LOBECTOMY ( REMOVAL OF THE ENTIRE LOBE WHERE THE TUMOR IS LOCATED ), HAS SHOWN TO BE MOST EFFECTIVE F OR NON - SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER, A LOBECTOMY ( REMOVAL OF THE ENTIRE LOBE WHERE THE TUMOR IS LOCATED ), HAS SHOWN TO BE MOST EFFECTIVE S URGERY MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE IN SOME PATIENTS S URGERY MAY NOT BE POSSIBLE IN SOME PATIENTS

14. TREATMENT: CHEMOTHERAPY D RUGS USED TO KILL CANCER CELLS D RUGS USED TO KILL CANCER CELLS A COMBINATION OF MEDICATIONS IS OFTEN USED A COMBINATION OF MEDICATIONS IS OFTEN USED M AY BE PRESCRIBED BEFORE OR AFTER SURGERY, OR BEFORE, DURING, OR AFTER RADIATION THERAPY M AY BE PRESCRIBED BEFORE OR AFTER SURGERY, OR BEFORE, DURING, OR AFTER RADIATION THERAPY C AN IMPROVE SURVIVAL AND LESSEN LUNG CANCER SYMPTOMS IN ALL PATIENTS, EVEN THOSE WITH WIDESPREAD LUNG CANCER C AN IMPROVE SURVIVAL AND LESSEN LUNG CANCER SYMPTOMS IN ALL PATIENTS, EVEN THOSE WITH WIDESPREAD LUNG CANCER

15. TREATMENT: RADIATION THERAPY T HE USE OF HIGH - ENERGY X - RAYS OR OTHER PARTICLES TO DESTROY CANCER CELLS T HE USE OF HIGH - ENERGY X - RAYS OR OTHER PARTICLES TO DESTROY CANCER CELLS S IDE EFFECTS INCLUDE FATIGUE, LOSS OF APPETITE, AND SKIN IRRITATION AT THE TREATMENT SITE S IDE EFFECTS INCLUDE FATIGUE, LOSS OF APPETITE, AND SKIN IRRITATION AT THE TREATMENT SITE R ADIATION PNEUMONITIS IS THE IRRITATION AND INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNG ; OCCURS IN 15% OF PATIENTS R ADIATION PNEUMONITIS IS THE IRRITATION AND INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNG ; OCCURS IN 15% OF PATIENTS I T IS IMPORTANT THAT THE RADIATION TREATMENTS AVOID THE HEALTHY PARTS OF THE LUNG I T IS IMPORTANT THAT THE RADIATION TREATMENTS AVOID THE HEALTHY PARTS OF THE LUNG

16. STAGING S TAGING IS A WAY OF DESCRIBING A CANCER, SUCH AS THE SIZE OF THE TUMOR AND WHERE IT HAS SPREAD S TAGING IS A WAY OF DESCRIBING A CANCER, SUCH AS THE SIZE OF THE TUMOR AND WHERE IT HAS SPREAD S TAGING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT TOOL WE HAVE TO DETERMINE A PATIENT ’ S PROGNOSIS S TAGING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT TOOL WE HAVE TO DETERMINE A PATIENT ’ S PROGNOSIS T HE TYPE OF TREATMENT A PERSON RECEIVES DEPENDS ON THE STAGE OF THE CANCER T HE TYPE OF TREATMENT A PERSON RECEIVES DEPENDS ON THE STAGE OF THE CANCER S TAGING IS DIFFERENT FOR NON - SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER S TAGING IS DIFFERENT FOR NON - SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER AND SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

17. STAGE I NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER C ANCER IS FOUND ONLY IN THE LUNG C ANCER IS FOUND ONLY IN THE LUNG S URGICAL REMOVAL RECOMMENDED S URGICAL REMOVAL RECOMMENDED R ADIATION THERAPY AND / OR CHEMOTHERAPY MAY ALSO BE USED R ADIATION THERAPY AND / OR CHEMOTHERAPY MAY ALSO BE USED

18. STAGE II NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER T HE CANCER HAS SPREAD TO LYMPH NODES IN THE LUNG T HE CANCER HAS SPREAD TO LYMPH NODES IN THE LUNG T REATMENT IS SURGERY TO REMOVE THE TUMOR AND NEARBY LYMPH NODES T REATMENT IS SURGERY TO REMOVE THE TUMOR AND NEARBY LYMPH NODES C HEMOTHERAPY RECOMMENDED ; RADIATION THERAPY SOMETIMES GIVEN AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY C HEMOTHERAPY RECOMMENDED ; RADIATION THERAPY SOMETIMES GIVEN AFTER CHEMOTHERAPY

19. STAGE III NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER T HE CANCER HAS SPREAD TO THE LYMPH NODES LOCATED IN THE CENTER OF THE CHEST, OUTSIDE THE LUNG T HE CANCER HAS SPREAD TO THE LYMPH NODES LOCATED IN THE CENTER OF THE CHEST, OUTSIDE THE LUNG S TAGE IIIA CANCER HAS SPREAD TO LYMPH NODES IN THE CHEST, ON THE SAME SIDE WHERE THE CANCER ORIGINATED S TAGE IIIA CANCER HAS SPREAD TO LYMPH NODES IN THE CHEST, ON THE SAME SIDE WHERE THE CANCER ORIGINATED S TAGE IIIB CANCER HAS SPREAD TO LYMPH NODES ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE CHEST, UNDER THE COLLARBONE, OR THE PLEURA ( LINING OF THE CHEST CAVITY ) S TAGE IIIB CANCER HAS SPREAD TO LYMPH NODES ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE CHEST, UNDER THE COLLARBONE, OR THE PLEURA ( LINING OF THE CHEST CAVITY ) S URGERY OR RADIATION THERAPY WITH CHEMOTHERAPY RECOMMENDED FOR STAGE IIIA S URGERY OR RADIATION THERAPY WITH CHEMOTHERAPY RECOMMENDED FOR STAGE IIIA C HEMOTHERAPY AND SOMETIMES RADIATION THERAPY RECOMMENDED FOR STAGE IIIB C HEMOTHERAPY AND SOMETIMES RADIATION THERAPY RECOMMENDED FOR STAGE IIIB

20. STAGE IV NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER T HE CANCER HAS SPREAD TO DIFFERENT LOBES OF THE LUNG OR TO OTHER ORGANS, SUCH AS THE BRAIN, BONES, AND LIVER T HE CANCER HAS SPREAD TO DIFFERENT LOBES OF THE LUNG OR TO OTHER ORGANS, SUCH AS THE BRAIN, BONES, AND LIVER S TAGE IV NON - SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER IS TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY S TAGE IV NON - SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER IS TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY

21. SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER–ALL STAGES P ATIENTS WITH LIMITED STAGE SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER ARE TREATED WITH SIMULTANEOUS RADIATION THERAPY AND CHEMOTHERAPY P ATIENTS WITH LIMITED STAGE SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER ARE TREATED WITH SIMULTANEOUS RADIATION THERAPY AND CHEMOTHERAPY P ATIENTS WITH EXTENSIVE STAGE SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER ARE TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY ONLY P ATIENTS WITH EXTENSIVE STAGE SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER ARE TREATED WITH CHEMOTHERAPY ONLY B ECAUSE SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER CAN SPREAD TO THE BRAIN, PREVENTATIVE RADIATION THERAPY TO THE BRAIN IS ROUTINELY RECOMMENDED TO ALL PATIENTS WHOSE TUMORS DISAPPEAR FOLLOWING CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION THERAPY B ECAUSE SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER CAN SPREAD TO THE BRAIN, PREVENTATIVE RADIATION THERAPY TO THE BRAIN IS ROUTINELY RECOMMENDED TO ALL PATIENTS WHOSE TUMORS DISAPPEAR FOLLOWING CHEMOTHERAPY AND RADIATION THERAPY Limited Stage Defined as tumor involvement of one lung, the mediastinum and ipsilateral and/or contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes or disease that can be encompassed in a single radiotherapy port. Extensive Stage Defined as tumor that has spread beyond one lung, mediastinum, and supraclavicular lymph nodes. Common distant sites of metastases are the adrenals, bone, liver, bone marrow, and brain.