1. The research leading to these results is partially supported by the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n° 215605. Cloud Computing The Dawn of a New [Computing] Era ? Benny Rochwerger IBM Haifa Research Lab.

2. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy2 A new era …

3. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy3 YlvaS @ flickr Once upon a time …

4. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy4

5. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy5 Internet radio take 1

6. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy6

7. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy7 Value added for the content [service] provider: Listed in portal Cross reference in similar stations Recommendation based on peoples taste Increased reach

8. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy8 Internet radio take 1

9. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy9 Internet radio take 2 - Hosted Anyone can become a broadcaster Infrastructure provider deals with scalability, availability, licensing, etc Analogue to Cloud Computing Broadcasters [developers] provide music [applications] Cloud Computing provider puts the infrastructure and charges per use First step towards democratization of services Whoever has content can distribute/benefit from it Still the infrastructure provider business is a big guys game … only a select group of cloud-wielding Internet giants has had the resources to scoop up huge masses of information and build businesses upon it … … Humanity emits the data, and a handful of companies the likes of Google, Yahoo!, or Amazon.com transform the info into insights, services, and, ultimately, revenue … … And they [Google] add on new clusters four new data centers this year alone, at an average cost of $600 million apiece … From Google and the wisdom of clouds, by Steven Baker - BusinessWeek.comGoogle and the wisdom of clouds

10. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy10 Why Cloud Computing ? Innovative business models require a utility-like intelligent infrastructure that embraces complexity to be successful in the competitive, fast-paced, services-based global economy. –ECONOMICS: Small up front investment and can be billed by consumption. Reduction of TCO allows clients to pursue operational efficiency and productivity. –RISK MANAGEMENT: Small up front commitment allows clients to try many new services faster and choose. This reduces big failure risks and allows clients to be innovative. –TIME TO MARKET: Adopt new services quickly for pilot usages and scale quickly to global scale. –INFORMATION SOCIETY: Value-added information generated by collection and analysis of massive amounts of unstructured data. –UBIQUITOUS SOCIETY: Accessible via a heterogeneous set of devices (PC, phone, telematics..) Because it makes sense !!! SaaSPaaSIaaS

11. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy11 Why now ? Broadband networks Adoption of Software as a Service –Salesforce.com –Web 2.0 mindset Fast penetration of virtualization technology for x86-based servers –Virtual appliances –General purpose on-line virtual machines that can do anything

12. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy12 Is it really new ? Massive scale resource sharing over the Internet Sound a lot like grid computing, yet … Grid Highly specialized resources that need to be shared by thousands [researchers] Large data sets Sharing is a goal In many cases, providers are also consumers Interoperable by design Cloud Reducing CAPEX, OPEX, time to market Millions of users that share to save not for the sake of sharing Providers want market share and customer lock-in Need for interoperability driven by customers

13. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy13 Internet radio take 2 - Hosted

14. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy14 Internet radio take 3 - Federated

15. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy15 Internet radio take 3 - Dynamic … Unfortunately, at least to date, the methods used to achieve these goals in todays commercial clouds have not been open and general purpose, but instead been mostly proprietary and specialized for the specific internal uses (e.g., large- scale data analysis) of the companies that developed them. The idea that we might want to enable interoperability between providers (as in the electric power grid) has not yet surfaced. Grid technologies and protocols speak precisely to these issues, and should be considered… …will move towards a mix of microproduction and large utilities, with increasing numbers of small-scale producers (wind, solar, biomass, etc., for energy; for computing, local clusters and embedded processorsin shoes and walls?) co- existing with large-scale regional producers, and load being distributed among them dynamically … From Theres Grid in then thar Clouds - Ian FosterTheres Grid in then thar Clouds

16. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy16 Cloud Computing: A style of computing where massively scalable IT-enabled capabilities are delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies. Premise: No single cloud can create a seemingly infinite infrastructure capable of serving massive amounts of users at all times, from all locations RESERVOIR: Investigate technologies for advanced Cloud Computing Focus on technologies that enable to build a federation of cooperating computing clouds

17. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy17 My Partner Cloud Federation of cooperating clouds My Private Cloud A Public Cloud

18. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy18 Federation of cooperating clouds My Partner Cloud My Private Cloud A Public Cloud

19. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy19 Federation of cooperating clouds My Partner Cloud My Private Cloud A Public Cloud

20. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy20 Federation of cooperating clouds My Partner Cloud My Private Cloud A Public Cloud

21. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy21 Federation of cooperating clouds My Partner Cloud My Private Cloud A Public Cloud

22. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy22 My Partner Cloud My Private Cloud Federation of cooperating clouds A Public Cloud

23. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy23 The pillars of CC (according to RESERVOIR) Separation –Cloud computing providers lease resources on pay-per-use basis but do not expose infrastructure details to customers or partners –Cloud computing consumers use leased resources without exposing details of their applications to providers Isolation –Given the hosting nature of cloud computing providers, consumers need mechanisms and warranties that their application are isolated from others that are being hosted in the same infrastructure Elasticity –Cloud computing providers should automatically adjust the resources allocated to a particular application according to elasticity rules provided by cloud computing consumer Federation –To overcome the finite amount of resources available locally, cloud computing providers should be able to collaborate among themselves and share their resources

24. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy24 Where all of this is going … http://www.anl.gov/Media_Center/logos22-1/electricity.htm The US National Power Grid http://www.rootsweb.com/~nytigs/BurdenPayrollRecords.htm The Burden Iron Works Water Wheel http://ieee-virtual-museum.org/collection/event.php?id=3456876 The Pearl Street Station http://www.by-star.net/techspeak/datacenter/ http://www.smcplus.com/applications.asp?id=32 http://www.informationweek.com/galleries/showImage.jhtml?galleryID=62&imageID=13 Google @ The Dulles, OR Efficient Distribution

25. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy25 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.05/solar.html?pg=1&topic=solar&topic_set= Where all of this is going …

26. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy26 http://www.pcworld.com/article/155933/ps3_black_hole.html?tk=rss_news http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2007/10/ps3_supercomputer Where all of this is going …

27. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy27 Five computers ? "I think there is a world market for about five computers" – Attributed to Thomas J. Watson, IBM … In a sense, says Yahoo Research Chief Prabhakar Raghavan, there are only five computers on earth. He lists Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, IBM, and Amazon. Few others, he says, can turn electricity into computing power with comparable efficiency … – Steven Baker, From Google and the wisdom of cloudsGoogle and the wisdom of clouds … The World Wide Web is becoming ONE vast, programmable machine. As NYU's Clay Shirky likes to say, Watson was off by four … – Nicholas Carr, From Wired Magazine Q&A with Nicholas CarrWired Magazine Q&A with Nicholas Carr

28. www.reservoir-fp7.eu March 2-6, 2009OGF 25/EGEE User Forum, Catania Italy28 A new era … some things never change