1. M3 U4 Subject Clause

2. "big bang" a cloud of dust What was it to become? certain or uncertain What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. ___________________________ ______________ _____

3. : that whether/if, who,whom, what, which, whose when where why how

4. 1. that That the universe began with a "Big Bang" is generally accepted. That water is important is a fact. That human beings do great harm to the earth is certain. That the earth is becoming warmer and warmer worries many scientists. that _________ _____ _______,, it,. It is generally accepted that the universe began with a "Big Bang". It+be+pp/adj./n.+that It+vt.+object+that It is a fact that water is important. It is certain that human beings do great harm to the earth. It worries many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.

5. 2. whether Whether the earth began with a " Big Bang" is unknown. Whether we can live in other planets is not clear. whether ______ _______,________ How the earth began is unknown. What the earth began with is unknown. When the earth began with a "Big Bang" is unknown. Why the earth began with a "Big Bang" is unknown. Where we can live is unknown. what ________________ _______, ________ how, when, why, where ______ ______________________________, _____

6. ______ we should not spit everywhere is certain. ______ the man is doing is disgusting. It is certain that we should not spit everywhere. That What

7. Whether the two pandas are a couple is not clear. ______________________ is a mystery. What they are thinking

8. ______ the earth began is not known to humans. ________most scientists believe about the beginning of the earth is the Big Bang theory. _______ the earth is becoming warm is a good topic for research. ______ there is life on other planets is what scientists want to find out. _______ Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system surprised us. whether / that / why / what / how What How Why /How Whether That It surprised us that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.

9. Example: 1. The formation of the earth is still unknown How the earth formed is still unknown write sentences in different ways (subject clause)

10. 2. The disappearance of dinosaurs puzzled many scientists. _____________________________puzzled many scientists. 3. Humans acitivities has caused global warming. ___________________ has caused global warming. 4. Many scientists worry is that the earth is becoming hotter and hotter ______________________ is that the earth is becoming hotter and hotter. Write sentences in different ways Why/How dinosaurs disappeared What humans have done What many scientists worry about

11. Problems

12. We human beings do great harm to our earth. It does upset me.1 We human beings do great harm to our earth. It does upset me. That we human beings do great harm to our earth does upset me.That we human beings do great harm to our earth does upset me. What we human beings do does upset me.What we human beings do does upset me. 2 We are doing many terrible things. We bring great pain to wildlife.2 We are doing many terrible things. We bring great pain to wildlife. What we do bring great pain to wildlife. What we do bring great pain to wildlife. 3 For example, we are cutting down too many trees and killing too many animals. It is a pity.3 For example, we are cutting down too many trees and killing too many animals. It is a pity. For example, it is a pity that we are cutting down too many trees and killing too many animals.For example, it is a pity that we are cutting down too many trees and killing too many animals. 4 Thus, many animals are dying out because they lost their habitats.4 Thus, many animals are dying out because they lost their habitats. Thus, the reason why many animals are dying out is that they lost their habitats.Thus, the reason why many animals are dying out is that they lost their habitats. 5 In a word, we should protect our earth. I am worried.5 In a word, we should protect our earth. I am worried. what worries me is whether we can protect our earth.what worries me is whether we can protect our earth.