1. ROME

2. CULTURAL LEGACY  GREEK  ROMAN  CHRISTIANITY  GERMANIC

3. ITALY TODAY  CAPITAL – ROME  LEADER- PRIME MINISTER- BERLUSCONI  ABOUT THE SIZE OF ARIZONA  ITALY DID NOT BECOME A COUNTRY UNTIL 1861

4. MAP

5. PROBLEMS TODAY  ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION  CORRUPTION  HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT

6. ANCIENT ROME  CREATED ONE OF WORLD’S LARGEST EMPIRES  SPAIN TO EASTERN SHORE OF MEDITERRANEAN  BRITAIN- SOUTH TO NORTH AFRICA  MEDITERRANEAN WAS “MARE NOSTRUM” OR “ our sea”

7. ROMAN EMPIRE

8. ROMAN CIVILZATION  LASTED NEARLY 1,000 YEARS  DIVIDED INTO TWO TIME PERIODS  A) THE REPUBLIC – 509 BCE- 27 BCE  B) THE EMPIRE- 27 BCE- 476 CE

9. WHY DID ANCIENT ROME LAST SO LONG? A) STRENGTH OF THE MILITARY

12. B) A WELL CONSTRUCTED GOVERNMENT

13. SENATUS POPOLUSQUE ROMANUS  SPQR- THE SENATE AND THE PEOPLE OF ROME  ROMAN GOVERNMENT EVOLOVED INTO A REPUBLIC  A REPUBLIC IS A GOVERNMENT IN WHICH THE PEOPLE CHOOSE THE LEADERS

14. C) EXCELLENT MEANS OF COMMUNICATION

16.  D) SEVERAL WAYS TO KEEP THE PEOPLE HAPPY 1.

18.  2.

19.  3.

20. 3. 3.

25.  4.

26.  E) ROMAN ABILITY TO INCORPORATE (blend in) ALL THOSE PEOPLE IT CONQUERED

27. ROMAN CIVILIZATION HELPED TO SHAPE  OUR LANGUAGE  OUR LAW  OUR GOVERNMENT  OUR ADMINISTRATIVE PRACTICES  ROMAN CIVILIZATION LAID THE FOUNDATION FOR MEDIEVAL CIVILIZATION

28. Geography of Italy  Unlike Greece, Italy is not broken up into small, isolated valleys.  Broad, fertile plains in the north and the west.  Why is this a good thing?

29. The Latins  The Latins were the ancestors of the Romans and the first settlers of Italy  Legend holds that twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, founded Rome  Romans place high importance on this legend because they were said to be sons of a Latin woman and the god of war, Mars.

30. Mars

31. Etruscans  Lived mostly north of Rome, shared the land with the Latins  Romans learned many things from the Etruscans  Alphabet, engineering, and use of the arch in construction

32. Roman Arch

33. More Arches

34. Romans Establish a Republic  Drove the Etruscans out in 509 B.C.  Republic means what?  Senate made the laws and controlled the government  Patricians  Appointed Consuls  supervised business of government and command armies  Could only serve one term

35. Cincinnatus  Appointed a dictator in time of war  Cincinnatus was the most admired and respected  Put an army together and won a battle all in 15 days.

36. Cincinnatus

37. Plebians  Farmers, merchants, and artisans who made up most of the population  Wanted a say in government  Over time they were admitted to the senate  Made the government more democratic

38. Law of 12 Tables  450 B.C.  Publically displayed  Before this, Plebians had protested that citizens could not know what the laws were because they were not written down

39. Roman Society  Males (Fathers) held absolute power  Women played larger role compared to Greek society  Over time they gained, more accepted status and attended public baths, dined out, and attended the theatre

40. Roman Mythology and Religion  Believed in many gods and goddesses  Main god was Jupiter, who ruled over the sky and other gods  Juno  Jupiter’s wife protected marriage  Neptune  god of the sea  Mars  god of war

41. From Republic to Empire  Chapter 5: Section 2

42. The Punic Wars

43. Map

44.  Would consist of 3 wars  Rome vs. Carthage  Rome dominates the first Punic War and won the islands of Sicily, Corsica, and Sardinia

45. Punic Wars

46. 2 nd Punic War  Carthaginians seek revenge  Were led by Hannibal  Hannibal had dozens of war elephants in his army  Sent his army on a long march through France and over the Alps into Italy. Lost 1/3 of army  Was a complete surprise to the Romans

47. War Elephants

48. 2 nd Punic War cont..  Would win battle after battle for 15 years  Not able to capture Rome  Long march to Italy would backfire because Romans sent an army to Carthage while Hannibal was away  Romans were able to win once again

49. 3 rd Punic War  Romans were out to destroy Carthage once and for all  “Carthage must be destroyed”  No mercy, survivors were either killed or sold into slavery  Poured salt over the earth to make sure nothing ever grew again  Rome now ruled the Mediterranean

50. Rome  Rome is now the most powerful city in the Mediterranean  Rome actually controlled all of the following areas, Greece, Macedonia, Spain, and Egypt  Was much more than just a city

51. Impact at Home  Many people got rich in Rome  As they conquered more lands, they forced the people to work as slaves  Wealthy families bought huge farming estates called latifundia

52. Attempts at Reform  Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the first to attempt reform

53. Specific Reforms  Wanted the state to give land to poor farmers  Use public funds to buy food for the poor  Angered the Senate of Rome who saw them as a threat…had them and their followers killed

54. Roman Republic Declines  A series of civil wars break out  Power struggle between the Senate and reformers  The citizen soldiers of Rome would play a major role

55. Citizen Soldiers  Their loyalty was to their commanders, not to Rome  Became a professional army