1. 1. Define Biology. 2. The combination of all chemical reactions occurring within an organism and its cells, through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials as it carries out its life processes is called __________________. 3. The process by which an organism maintains a stable internal environment is called ________________.

3. QOD: You are a member of a local research laboratory. One day, you receive a shoebox marked “Handle with care”. In it you find three gelatinous, orange-colored masses of material. Each mass is approx. 5 cm in diameter. Also enclosed is a note from a local resident: “I found these things along the roadside at the bridge near a creek. Can you tell me if they are alive and what I should do with them? They started showing up right after the heavy rains this week and seem to be growing fast.” 1. As you observe the masses, what evidence would make you think that they are living things? 2. List the questions that you would ask as you begin your investigation?

4. Characteristics of Life

5. Biology- the study of Living Things

6. 8 Life Processes:

7. 1. Nutrition- ingestion and digestion of nutrients for energy, growth, repair and maintenance. Also includes egestion!

8. 2. Transport- the movement of substances into/out of/within cells/organisms. Complex organisms have circulatory system.

9. 3. Respiration- The release of energy (stored in nutrients) by chemical reactions that take place in cells. NOT THE SAME AS BREATHING!

10. 4. Synthesis and Assimilation- Simple substances (products of digestion) are combined to form complex substances which are incorporated into the organism’s body (substances become part of the structure of the organism). Dramatically Increase Muscle Mass and Strength as Your Body Starts Producing GH and Testosterone Like a Muscle Building Factory Obliterate Body fat and Get Inside-Out Shredded with a Turbocharged Metabolism Greatly Enhance Sexual Performance and Drive Improve Protein Synthesis, Assimilation & Digestion to Convert the Food You Eat Into Rock-Hard Muscle Reduce Carbohydrate Cravings and Binge Overeating Improve Circulation for Mind-Blowing Pumps in the Gym

11. QOD: How are respiration and breathing related?

12. 5. Growth- increase in size or number of cells.

13. 6. Excretion- removal of nitrogenous wastes (urine).

14. 7. Regulation- maintenance and control of organism’s homeostasis (stable internal environment) by the systems of the organism. In complex organisms, nervous and endocrine systems accomplish this.

15. 8. Reproduction- living things produce new organisms of their own kind, either sexually or asexually.

16. Metabolism- the sum of all chemical reactions occurring within cells of an organism that result in the building up and the breaking down of complex molecules; involves release and use of energy.

18. QOD: Define Synthesis. Define Assimilation. Explain the life process of synthesis and assimilation.

19. QOD: 1. Viruses are made up of ____________, ____________ and sometimes _________. 2. Viruses that invade bacterial cells are called ____________. 3. In a ________ infection, viruses invade the host cells, make many copies of themselves and then cause the host cell to burst, releasing the newly formed viral particles. 4. Are viruses living things? Why or why not?

22. Excellent reads having to do with viruses or other such fatal infections : Scott Westerfelds, Peeps. Fiction Hot Zone by Richard Preston. Non-Fiction

23. T4 Bacteriophage Tobacco Mosaic Virus Influenza Virus Head Tail sheath DNA Tail fiber RNA Capsid Surface proteins Membrane envelope RNA Capsid proteins

24. Bacteriophage enzyme lyses the bacterium’s cell wall, releasing new bacteriophage particles that can attack other cells. Bacteriophage proteins and nucleic acids assemble into complete bacteriophage particles Bacteriophage takes over bacterium’s metabolism, causing synthesis of new bacteriophage proteins and nucleic acids Bacteriophage injects DNA into bacterium Bacteriophage attaches to bacterium’s cell wall Bacteriophage Bacteriophage DNA Bacteriophage protein Bacteriophage protein coat Bacteriophage DNA Bacterial chromosome Lytic Cycle

25. Bacteriophage proteins and nucleic acids assemble into complete bacteriophage particles Bacteriophage enzyme lyses the bacterium’s cell wall, releasing new bacteriophage particles that can attack other cells Bacteriophage DNA inserts itself into bacterial chromosome Bacteriophage DNA (prophage) may replicate with bacterium for many generations Bacteriophage DNA (prophage) can exit the bacterial chromosome Bacteriophage DNA forms a circle Bacteriophage DNA Bacterial chromosome Bacteriophage injects DNA into bacterium Prophage Lytic Cycle Lysogenic Cycle