1. SRF Linac Development for Indian Energy Program
Shekhar Mishra
Fermilab
Rakesh Bhandari and Vinod Sahni
VECC & BARC
IIFC Collaboration

2. Introduction
Indian Institutions and Fermilab have been collaborating on High Energy Physics, since 1986.
In 2003, Indian Institutions and Fermilab Collaboration (IIFC) initiated an effort to expand this collaboration to include High Intensity Proton Accelerator R&D and related Physics programs. (
Indian Department of Atomic Energy Laboratories
BARC, RRCAT, VECC, IGCAR, NFC, TIFR
Universities
IUAC, University of Delhi, Pubjab, IITs, BHU, Cochin, …
Collaboration is doing joint R&D for High Intensity Proton SRF Linac development for their respective programs.
Fermilab
High Energy Physics (HEP), Nuclear Physics (NP), Nuclear Energy (NE)
India
Nuclear Energy Program in India, and HEP, NP and NE at Fermilab

3. Indian DAE: Accelerator3

4. BARC-TIFR: Heavy Ion Accelerator
Accelerator layout
Superconducting LINAC Booster
Pelletron
Beam hall
Helium Refrigerator
Superbuncher + 3 Modules
4 Modules
to new beam hall
Analyzing magnet
BARC - TIFR
Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility 4

5. IUAC: Pelletron and SRF Linac
Upgrade to ECR based High Current Injector
Laboratory capable of developing SRF accelerator

6. VECC: Cyclotron and RIB
Superconducting Cyclotron
Radioactive Ion Beam Facility
R&D on Superconducting RF Linac
Strength
Cryogenic
Mechanical Engineering
RF Power

7. RRCAT: 2.5 GeV Light Source
RF Cavities installed in Indus-2 Ring
Indus-2 Ring in the Tunnel
Long Straight Section LS-6 Assembly
Transport Line-3 Joining on to Indus-2 7

8. India: LHC Accelerator Contribution
MCS (1146 Units) &
MCDO (616 Units)
7080 Nos. Magnet Positioning System Jacks
Magnetic measurements teams- ~100 Man-years
5500 Nos. Quench Heater Power supplies( QHPS)
1435 Nos. Local Protection Units
A part of DAE’s contributions installed in LHC Tunnel at CERN 8

9. Accelerator Development for ADS
Proton IS
50 keV
RFQ
3 MeV
DTL
20 MeV
DTL/
CCDTL
Super-
conducting
SC Linac
1 GeV
100 MeV
Normal Conducting
High current injector 20 MeV, 30 mA
Phase III
Phase II
Phase 1
Design completed and fabrication is in progress
DTL
ECR Ion Source
RFQ
Beginning/End Cell
Coupling Cell
Elliptical SC Cavity

10. Nuclear Power Reactor
Start of construction to power on grid in about Five yrs.
Indo-US Nuclear Treaty 10

11. Indian: 10-15 Years Strategy
Indian DAE laboratories armed with these expertise in accelerator and reactor technologies have proposed to enter in the 3rd stage of its Nuclear Energy Program.
A multi-MW Proton Source is one of part of 3rd stage
Multi MW CW beam at 1-2 GeV could be the accelerator technology demonstration project corresponding to 10s of MW electrical power if applied to a suitable Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor. 11 11

12. Fermilab: 10 Years Strategy
A multi-MW Proton Source, Project-X, is the main part of Fermilab’s strategy for future development of the accelerator complex.
3 MW, CW H- beam at 3 GeV
2 MW, pulsed beam at GeV from the Main Injector 12 12

13. Jan 2009: Addendum MOU III MOU that includes All SRF aspects of
High Intensity Proton Accelerator.
SRF infrastructure
Personnel exchange and Training of manpower
Indian Industries involvement
Working to expand this collaboration to all aspects of the Linac.

14. Phase I: R&D @ Indian Institutions
Fermilab is developing HIPA (Project-X) as a national project with International participation.
Indian DAE laboratories are 1st international partner.
Indian Accelerator Program for Nuclear Energy and Fermilab High Intensity Proton Accelerator program are aligned by design.
SSR0
SSR1
SSR2
β=0.6
β=0.9
325 MHz
MeV
ILC
1.3 GHz 2-3 GeV
650 MHz GeV
SRF Infrastructure
Indian Institution

15. IUAC: Fabrication of SSR1
SSR1 cavities are under fabrication at IUAC
Major components of SSR1 –  = 0.22, f = 325 MHz

16. RRCAT: Development of Elliptical Cavity
RRCAT is developing a complete SRF facility for elliptical cavities, design, fabrication, processing and testing.
Forming
Inspection
Machining
Formed Niobium Half cell
Setting inside IUAC EBW Chamber
Frequency measurement 16

17. 1-cell Cavity 2k test result
Cavities were processed (ANL) and tested at Fermilab.
No Field Emission
Quench at Equator (~20 MV/m)
The equator weld and welding procedure will need improvements.
These cavities have been barrel polished at Fermilab and awaits further processing and testing.
RRCAT in collaboration with IUAC will fabricate 2, 7 cell, 1300 MHz cavities to validate their procedure and infrastructure.

18. 650 MHz, 1-cell development Design and manufacturing of 650 MHz cavity
Calculation of Mechanical Deformation for b = 0.6 and b = 0.9 single cell cavity
Both ends fixed
One end open
Applied Pressure= 2 Bar
Applied Pressure =2 bar
Max stress = 33.4 MPa
Max Displacement= 85.5 um
Max stress = 75.4 MPa
Max Displacement= um

19. 650 MHz Cryomodule Design
Based on TESLA/ILC Cryomodule design: Vacuum Vessel 46 in diameter.
Retaining essential features of T4CM design.
Incorporating Value Engineering Changes.
The Cross section
The 3-D Model (Under designing)
The 3-D Model
RRCAT-FNAL CRYOMODULE
RRCAT-FNAL CRYOMODULE 19

20. SRF Infrastructure Development
Cavity Processing Building (Expected to be ready by mid of 2011)
The building will house clean rooms Electron Beam welding machine, High Vacuum Annealing Furnace, Electro-polishing setup, Centrifugal barrel polishing machine etc.
SCRF Lab Building (Expected to be ready by mid of 2011)
The building will house Cavity forming facility, machining facilities, CMM, SIMS,
material testing facility etc

21. Indigenous Development of Nb
NFC, Hyderabad (materials development)
RRCAT, Indore ( electrical and superconducting properties, elemental analysis)
SUMMARY & COMPARISION OF TEST RESULTS
S.No.
Source
Sample ID
RRCAT RRR
Results
Measurement results 1
NFC
Nb/NFC/I80Nb III/U/B 96
( ) 2
Nb/NFC/IU1/Ti clad expt 98
( )

22. Phase II: Non-SRF Elements
The Phase II of this collaboration is under discussion. It is expected to expand all non SRF areas of Project-X
Tied to the construction of Project-X at Fermilab
Elements of Phase II:
Front End: Source and RFQ
325 MHz RF Power
Instrumentations and Controls
Superconducting Magnet
Cryogenics

23. BARC: ECR Ion Source Five electrodes 2.45 GHz 50 keV 50 mA
0.02  cm-mrad
Schematic of the ECR Ion Source
Ion source with 3 electrode extraction system made & Testing is in progress

24. BARC: 325 MHz RFQ Design Parameters Value Units I/O energy Ion Current
0.05/2.5
MeV
Ion H-
Current 10 mA
Frequency
325
MHz R0
0.365 cm
Rho
0.321
Synchronous phase
-30
deg
Vane Voltage
77.4 kV
Modulation
1.95 Es
29.25
MV/m
Input RMS emittance
0.025
pi cm-mrad
Total length
2.9 m
RF power
290 kW
Output RMS emittance
0.027
Output long emittance
0.188
deg-MeV
Transmission 96 %

25. BARC: Solid-state Amplifier
Total Power Gain : 20 dB
3dB Band width : 10 MHz
No. of modules : 4 plus 1 drive module
Efficiency : 50%
Devices LR301, DMD1029
VSWR of each Module & Total amplifier : <1.2
RF amplifier set up
Wilkinson designed based power combiners /splitters at 2KW (1:8) and 1KW (1:4) power levels
At 1KW, with transmission loss of < 7%.
Return Loss :> 20dB at combining port and >13 dB at dividing ports
Isolation >28 dB
8 modules test set-up for 2.5 kW is underway
Single RF module
325 MHz
1:8, 2 kW power combiner
1:4, 1 kW power combiner

26. Summary
Indian accelerator laboratories have indigenously build and operate several SRF injectors.
Significant “In-Kind” contribution to LHC
The 3rd stage of the Indian Nuclear Energy program would require a high power proton accelerator for Transmutation and Thorium based reactor.
Indian Institutes and Fermilab Collaboration (IIFC) are jointly working on all aspects of SRF accelerator R&D
That could lead to high power, CW, SRF Proton Linac in respective countries.
Considerable progress are being made in
Cavity and Cryomodule (325, 650 and 1300 MHz)
SRF Infrastructure
325 and 650 MHz RF Power
Instrumentation and Controls