1. June 23, 2005R. Garoby Introduction SPL+PDAC example Elements of comparison Linacs / Synchrotrons LINAC-BASED PROTON DRIVER

2. 23/06/2005R.G.2 Introduction All proton driver begin with a linear accelerator. In a Linac-based driver, all acceleration is done in the Linac. However a fixed energy synchrotron is still needed for accumulation and bunch compression. At low energy, it makes sense to only accelerate in a linac. Progress in sc resonators are reducing cost. However, at high energy (>5-8 GeV ?), a linac will anyhow be too costly.  What is the limit energy for selecting acceleration in the synchrotron ?  Other arguments ?

3. 23/06/2005R.G.3 SPL & PDAC [1/3] Ion speciesH-H- Kinetic energy3.5GeV Mean current during the pulse40 (30 ?)mA Mean beam power4MW Pulse repetition rate50Hz Pulse duration0.57 (0.76 ?)ms Bunch frequency352.2MHz Duty cycle during the pulse62 (5/8)% rms transverse emittances0.4  mm mrad Longitudinal rms emittance0.3  deg MeV SPL (CDR2) characteristics

4. 23/06/2005R.G.4 SPL main goals: - increase the performance of the CERN high energy accelerators (PS, SPS & LHC) - address the needs of future experiments with neutrinos and radio-active ion beams The present R&D programme concentrates on low-energy (Linac4) items, wherever possible in collaboration with other laboratories. SPL & PDAC [2/3]

5. 23/06/2005R.G.5 [Extrapolation from PDAC based on the SPL CDR-1] Mean beam power4MW Kinetic energy3.5GeV Pulse repetition rate50Hz Pulse duration1.66 ss RF frequency44.02MHz Number of bunches (buckets)68 (73) Number of protons per pulse (per bunch)1.43 E14 (2.1 E12) Number of turns for injection345 rms normalized transverse emittances50  mm mrad Longitudinal emittance0.2eVs SPL & PDAC [3/3] SPL (CDR2) + PDAC characteristics

6. 23/06/2005R.G.6 Elements of comparison [1/2] DomainIssue of interestQuestion PhysicsFit to the requirements for the secondary beam Specifications Synergy with other physics needsIdentification & specs. Upgrade potentialIdentify Time to full performance / riskEstimate EconomicsGlobal economical optimum at construction Cost as a function of energy & rate at fixed beam power Minimal cost of exploitation (electricity, radioprotection, maintenance) Power efficiency Reliability Maintenance needs Radioprotection issues ManagementPossibility of a staged implementationStudy possibilities Share the efforts with other teams working for other goals List of possibilities Exploit/enrich available competenceList

7. 23/06/2005R.G.7 DomainIssue of interestLinacSynchrotrons Physics Fit to the requirements for the secondary beam < 8 GeV Shorter bunch distance Cycling rate (adjacent bursts ?) Higher energy Larger bunch distance Cycling rate ~ 10 Hz >15 GeV Synergy with other physics needsRIBs + injector for HEP~ injector for HEP Upgrade potentialLarge (power, users)Small Time to full performance / riskModerate/small? Economics Global economical optimum at construction To be studied Minimal cost of exploitation (electricity, radioprotection, maintenance) To be studied Management Possibility of a staged implementation Yes (energy, power)? Share the efforts with other teams working for other goals Yes (ADS, ILC, …)? Exploit/enrich available competence To be studied Elements of comparison [2/2]

8. 23/06/2005R.G.8 To be continued …

9. 23/06/2005R.G.9 ANNEX

10. 23/06/2005R.G.10 Cost comparison Energy Cost

11. 23/06/2005R.G.11 SPL - CDR2 baseline RF 704 MHz bulk Niobium cavities 3 families of cavities : beta =0.5,0.85,1.0 gradients : 15, 18, 30 MV/m 5, 6 and 7 cells per cavity Cold (2K) quadrupoles in the cryomodules, independently aligned from the cavities (to minimize cold/warm transitions and maximize real estate gradient). Cryomodules of maximum length (between 10 and 15 m), containing n cavities and (n+1) quadrupoles. Diagnostics, steering etc. between cryomodules. Length of the cavities limited by fabrication and handling considerations. Proposed number of cells per cavity is therefore 5, 6 and 7 for the three sections. 2 MW max power /coupler Standardisation of the design after 2 GeV

12. 23/06/2005R.G.12 HIP WG: long term alternatives Present accelerator Replacement accelerator Improvement INTEREST FOR LHC upgrade physics beyond CNGS RIB beyond ISOLDE Physics with k and  Linac2Linac4 50  160 MeV H +  H - +0 (if alone) PSB 2.2 GeV RCS* for HEP 1.4  2.2 GeV 10  250 kW +0 (if alone)+ 2.2 GeV/mMW RCS* 1.4  2.2 GeV 0.01  4 MW + ++ (super-beam,  -beam ?, factory) + (too short beam pulse) 0 (if alone) 2.2 GeV/50 Hz SPL* 1.4  2.2 GeV 0.01  4 MW + +++ (super-beam,  - beam, factory) +++0 (if alone) PS SC PS*/** for HEP 26  50 GeV Intensity x 2 ++0 (if alone)0+ 5 Hz RCS*/** 26  50 GeV 0.1  4 MW ++ ( factory) 0+++ SPS1 TeV SC SPS*/** 0.45  1 TeV Intensity x  2 +++?0 * with brightness x2** need new injector(s) <-