1. Unit 5:The Growth of Empires and Governments Chapter 5: Early Civilizations of Greece

2. Section I: Early Civilizations of Greece (Pages 100-104) This section is about: This section is about: How the geography of Greece affected the development of two ancient civilizations of traders and palace builders. How the geography of Greece affected the development of two ancient civilizations of traders and palace builders. The economic and cultural life of the Minoans and Mycenaean's. The economic and cultural life of the Minoans and Mycenaean's. How historical events of these cultures have been preserved in legends and epics. How historical events of these cultures have been preserved in legends and epics.

3. Like everywhere else: geography matters in Greece Like everywhere else: geography matters in Greece The Pindus Mountains isolated the Greek people from one another. The Pindus Mountains isolated the Greek people from one another. It’s on the Balkan peninsula It’s on the Balkan peninsula The southernmost part: Peloponnesus The southernmost part: Peloponnesus Has many islands Has many islands

4. Greece is different from some of our other places so far Not very good farmland Not very good farmland No great big rivers No great big rivers Unpredictable rains Unpredictable rains The were able to grow barley, grapes and olives (they grow okay in rocky soil). The were able to grow barley, grapes and olives (they grow okay in rocky soil). They also raised pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens (smaller animals). They also raised pigs, sheep, goats, and chickens (smaller animals). That kind of food was scarce. That kind of food was scarce. But… they did have lots of… But… they did have lots of…

5. Water Most people lived near the sea. Most people lived near the sea. Good harbors for trading. Good harbors for trading. Good sailors, fishermen, and traders. Good sailors, fishermen, and traders. Main exports: olive oil, wine, wool, and marble. Main exports: olive oil, wine, wool, and marble. People who lived inland were separated from each other (mountains), so different communities ended being quite different from each other. People who lived inland were separated from each other (mountains), so different communities ended being quite different from each other. The Greeks have always believed they had the most beautiful land on Earth. The Greeks have always believed they had the most beautiful land on Earth. Their location helped them develop the foundations for western civilization. Their location helped them develop the foundations for western civilization. (the way Europe and the America’s lived) (the way Europe and the America’s lived)

6. The first great Aegean civilization was: the Minoans Named after Minos (the legendary king of Greece) Named after Minos (the legendary king of Greece) He had a monarchy (government with a single ruler). He had a monarchy (government with a single ruler). They had fine crafts, built great palaces, and played sports. They had fine crafts, built great palaces, and played sports. Their most important palace was at Knossos Their most important palace was at Knossos

7. The Palace of Knossos The largest palace on Crete. The largest palace on Crete. The royal family, it’s advisors, craft-workers, and servants all lived there. The royal family, it’s advisors, craft-workers, and servants all lived there. It had store rooms, workshops, large bathrooms, complex plumbing. It had store rooms, workshops, large bathrooms, complex plumbing. Art was an important part of their lives with decorative vases, ivory figurines, jewelry, and colorful frescoes on the walls (of bulls, dolphins, people, sporting events, and nature scenes) Art was an important part of their lives with decorative vases, ivory figurines, jewelry, and colorful frescoes on the walls (of bulls, dolphins, people, sporting events, and nature scenes)

9. The Minoans were peaceful sea traders It seems they lived in peace for a long time. It seems they lived in peace for a long time. They traded with the Greek islands, the Greek mainland, and even the Egyptians. They traded with the Greek islands, the Greek mainland, and even the Egyptians. But- they weren’t Greek – they were Aegean But- they weren’t Greek – they were Aegean No-one really knows why they disappeared (maybe a volcanic eruption – the island of Thera) No-one really knows why they disappeared (maybe a volcanic eruption – the island of Thera)

10. Just after the time of the Minoans, the Mycenaean's began a culture in Greece. Lived on the mainland of Greece. Lived on the mainland of Greece. The first Greek people to leave a written record. The first Greek people to leave a written record. Ruled by kings from big palaces. Ruled by kings from big palaces. Traded with the Minoans some – so they had a “cultural exchange” with them. Traded with the Minoans some – so they had a “cultural exchange” with them.

11. The Mycenaean's lived… In great palaces. In great palaces. But, there’s were surrounded by thick walls. But, there’s were surrounded by thick walls. The lived about the same way as the Minoans The lived about the same way as the Minoans Mycenaean’s also had colonies around the Mediterranean, and traded with many other cultures. Mycenaean’s also had colonies around the Mediterranean, and traded with many other cultures.

12. By 1100 BC, Mycenaean’s were gone Palaces were destroyed/abandoned. Palaces were destroyed/abandoned. Why gone? Civil Wars? Natural Disasters? Invaders? We’re not sure. Why gone? Civil Wars? Natural Disasters? Invaders? We’re not sure. People started settling in smaller villages. People started settling in smaller villages. Some started moving other places – like Sicily and Italy Some started moving other places – like Sicily and Italy

13. One of the biggest things the Mycenaean’s are known for is: The Trojan War The Mycenaean’s and other Greeks attacked Troy (a rich trading city). The Mycenaean’s and other Greeks attacked Troy (a rich trading city). The War started when a Trojan prince named Paris kidnapped Helen (the wife of the brother of the Mycenaean king). The War started when a Trojan prince named Paris kidnapped Helen (the wife of the brother of the Mycenaean king). To try and rescue her, the Greeks battled the Trojans, seized Troy, and burned it to the ground. To try and rescue her, the Greeks battled the Trojans, seized Troy, and burned it to the ground. Is this story a myth or true? Is this story a myth or true?

14. Some of the best stories from this time come from the Iliad and the Odyssey These were two long poems – probably by Homer. These were two long poems – probably by Homer. The Iliad describes the last days of the Trojan War. The Iliad describes the last days of the Trojan War. The Odyssey tells a story of the long trip home – by Odysseus (a hero of the Trojan War). The Odyssey tells a story of the long trip home – by Odysseus (a hero of the Trojan War).

15. Of course, religion was important to the people of Greece They believed there were Gods around in everyday life. They believed there were Gods around in everyday life. They had human feelings and human form. They had human feelings and human form. They believed they needed to please their gods, so they built great temples to honor them. They believed they needed to please their gods, so they built great temples to honor them.

16. The Parthenon (on the Acropolis)

17. Parthenon Design

18. Who are these people?

20. Some of the main Greek Gods: (The 12 Olympians) 1. Zeus 2. Athena 3. Hera 4. Hades 5. Poseidon 6. Dionysus 7. Ares 8. Aphrodite 9. Apollo 10. Artemis 11. Demeter 12. Hermes 13. Hestia 14. Hephaestus The goddess of love, beauty and desire. The goddess of love, beauty and desire. The goddess of wisdom, warfare, battle strategy, heroic endeavor, handicrafts and reason. The goddess of wisdom, warfare, battle strategy, heroic endeavor, handicrafts and reason. King of the Underworld and god of the dead and the hidden wealth of the Earth. King of the Underworld and god of the dead and the hidden wealth of the Earth. Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings and empires. Queen of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings and empires. The god of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and the creator of horses. The god of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and the creator of horses. The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and fate. The king of the gods, the ruler of Mount Olympus and the god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and fate. Greek Gods and Goddesses

21. This is a picture of what’s on page B of your packets