1. The Early Greeks
Section 1: pgs

2. The Geography of Greece
Mainland Greece is a peninsula surrounded by the Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea.
Ancient Greeks made a living from the sea.
Many became sailors, fishers, and traders.
Others settled in farming communities and grew wheat, barley, olives, and grapes.

3. Respond in complete sentences: Textbook page 117
Describe the geography of ancient Greece.
Why is mainland Greece considered a peninsula?
How did the ancient Greeks adapt to their environment?
How did geography discourage Greek unity?

4. I. Describe the Geography of Greece? (p. 117)
A. Mainland peninsula surrounded by 3 seas: Ionian Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Aegean Sea
B islands the largest being Crete and Rhodes
C. Terrain—mountainous and rocky
D. Climate- mild
E. Crops– grew wheat, barley, olives, & grapes
Herded- sheep & goats
Occupations besides farming—fishers, sailors, & traders
Greek communities grew up independent because
the mountains and seas divided them from one another.

5. The Minoans
The Minoans earned their living by building ships and trading.
The Minoans were not Greeks, but their civilization was the first to arise in the region that later became Greece (on the island of Crete).
In 1900, Arthur Evans discovered the ruins of the grand palace at Knossos.
This palace revealed the riches of the ancient society and had been the center of the Minoan civilization.

6. The Palace at Knossos

7. The Minoans (p. 118)
The Minoans lived on the island of Crete, on which was discovered a palace at Knossos that revealed the wealth of the society. The palace was discovered by archaeologist Arthur Evans.
B. Minoans got rich by building ships made of oak and cedar trees and then trading their goods. They controlled the eastern Mediterranean Sea and kept the sea free of pirates.
C. Why did the Minoan civilization collapse?
1. Undersea earthquakes causing giant waves
2. Cities were destroyed by a group of Greeks
from mainland (invaders were called Mycenaean).

8. The First Greek Kingdoms
Mycenaeans built the first Greek kingdoms and spread their power across the Mediterranean region.
Read textbook page 119 and answer the following questions:
1. Where were the Mycenaeans originally from and how did the people of this civilization get their name?
Describe the Mycenaean kingdoms.
How did the Minoans influence the Mycenaeans? Provide specific examples.

9. The Trojan War
Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods, heroes, and the nature of the world.
In the Illiad, a prince of Troy kidnaps the wife of the king of Sparta, Helen. The kidnapping outrages the Greeks. The king of Mycenae, Agamemnon, and brother of the king of Sparta lead the Greeks in an attack on Troy. The war is among the most important events in Greek mythology, and was narrated in many works of Greek literature, including the Iliad and the Odyssey by Homer.
The battle for Troy drags on for ten years until…

10. The Greeks built a huge, hollow, wooden horse.
Greeks believed the Iliad and Odyssey were more than stories…they looked on the epics as real history.

11. What was the Dark Age? Read textbook page 120
Explain how the Mycenaean civilization collapsed.
2. How did Greek culture spread?
3. What changes occurred during Greece’s Dark Age?.

12. Colonies-Groups of people who lived apart from, but kept ties with, Greece

13. Polis- A city-state in ancient Greece.

14. Sparta: Military & Strength
City-state or polis
Acropolis
Agora
Located on a peninsula of Peloponnesus
Helots-slaves (7:1) 7 slaves to every one person
Boys trained at 7 to be soldiers
Girls were trained to produce strong children

15. Athens: Education & Government
City-state or polis
Acropolis
Agora
Located on a peninsula of Attica
Girls stayed at home with their mothers, weaved clothing, worked on the farms
Boys went to school and then wrestled in sports
Boys worked on farms and pottery shops
Democracy-rule by the people
All citizens should have a voice

16. Acropolis- a large hill where city residents could seek shelter in times of war.

17. Agora-a clearing where farmers and craft workers would gather to trade with each other. It served as both a market place and a meeting place.

18. Lo Siento, Muchachas!

19. Citizens-males who were born in Greece and had rights and responsibilities in their polis.

20. The richest, most powerful citizens control decision making
Government
Monarchy
“Rule by one”
Oligarchy
The richest, most powerful citizens control decision making
Democracy
“Rule by the people”

21. An area of land almost entirely surrounded by water.
Word
 Peninsula
Reminding Sentence
 A large peninsula called the Peloponnesus lies to the southwest of Attica.
Reminding Picture
Definition
An area of land almost entirely surrounded by water.
Reminding Word

22. (should be contained in the vocabulary word or at least rhyme with it)
Reminding Sentence
(must have reminding word and definition in the sentence)
Reminding Picture
Definition
Reminding Word
(should be contained in the vocabulary word or at least rhyme with it)