2. A Front End Collision

3. 1988 SAAB 1998 SAAB 2008 SAAB

4. Front Section Passenger Section Rear Section

5. Energy Absorption VS Energy Transfer Energy Transfer Energy Absorption

6. “A” Pillar “B” Pillar Door Intrusion BeamWindshield Post Rocker Panel Location on Ultra High Strength Steels

8. Note: Bumper Reinforcement is shown as part of structure

9. Types of Steel MPa – PSI 200—29,000 270—39,100 590—86,000 610—88,500 700—101,000 980—147,000 1180--171,000

10. Location of Utra High Strength Steel on 2009 Toyota Corolla 980 MPa

11. OEM Front Bumper Reinforcement for 2009 Toyota Corolla.

12. After Market Front Bumper Reinforcement for 2009 Toyota Corolla.

13. Side Comparison of OEM & A/M Bumper Reinforcement OEM A/M

14. Side Comparison of OEM & A/M Bumper Reinforcement

15. A/M OEM

16. Side Comparison of OEM & A/M Bumper Reinforcement A/M OEM

17. Side Comparison of OEM & A/M Bumper Reinforcement A/M OEM

18. Side Comparison of OEM & A/M Bumper Reinforcement Note the Paint transfer On the A/M Reinforcement

19. Side Comparison of OEM & A/M Bumper Reinforcement OEM A/M

20. Honda Civic Front Aluminum Bumper Reinforcement

21. Toyota Prius Front Bumper Reinforcement The A/M Bumper reinforcement has 2 large humps and 2 large indentations from the process of bending the part to shape.

22. Honda Civic Front Aluminum Bumper Reinforcement

24. The OEM part is.25mm thicker than the A/M part

25. Toyota Prius Rear Aluminum Bumper Reinforcement

27. 2000-2004 Nissan Xterra A/M (2.00MM)—OEM (3.38MM) A/M OEM

28. 2007 Toyota Corolla Core Support OEMA/M

29. Rockwell Test on Toyota Core Support

30. Ford F150 Core Support

31. 2.30 MM 2.85MM

32. Ford F150 Core Support The A/M Core Support was constructed from Aluminum, whereas the OEM is Magnesium. Magnesium is 38% stronger than aluminum.

33. Testing Bumper Reinforcements

34. The Function of Bumper Absorber Bumpers typically extend widthwise across the front and rear of a vehicle and are mounted to rails that extend in a lengthwise direction. Energy absorbing bumper systems attempt to reduce vehicle damage as a result of a collision by managing impact energy and intrusion while not exceeding a rail load limit of the vehicle. The efficiency of an energy absorber is defined as the amount of energy absorbed over distance. A high efficiency energy absorber absorbs more energy over a shorter distance than a low energy absorber. High efficiency is achieved by building load quickly to just under the rail load limit and maintaining that load constant until the impact energy has been dissipated. Increasing the stiffness of an energy absorber generally increases the efficiency of the absorber since a stiff energy absorber builds load more quickly than a less stiff absorber. In addition, there generally is less intrusion with a stiff energy absorber than with a less stiff energy absorber.

35. Toyota Front Bumper Absorber OEM A/M

36. Note-It took 10 additional pulls to achieve the 2in compression on OEM part.

37. Toyota Front Bumper Absorber A/M OEM