1. The French Revolution

2. Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI
The French Monarchy:
Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

3. Let Them Eat Cake! The Necklace Scandal “Madame Deficit”
“The Austrian Whore”

4. The French Urban Poor
Arthur Young
Travels in France

5. Socio-Economic Data, 1789

6. Where is the tax money?

7. Lettres de Cachet
The French king could warrant imprisonment or death in a signed letter under his seal.
A carte-blanche warrant.
Cardinal Fleury issued 80,000 during the reign of Louis XV!
Eliminated in 1790.

8. The Number of Representatives in the Estates General:
Clergy
1st Estate
300
Aristocracy
2nd Estate
300
648
Commoners
3rd Estate

9. The Suggested Voting Pattern: Voting by Estates
Clergy
1st Estate 1
Aristocracy
2nd Estate 1 1
Commoners
3rd Estate
Sieyes
What is the Third Estate?

10. Convening the Estates General May, 1789
The Cahiers

11. Key Causes Property Rights Financial ruin
- still very feudal
Financial ruin
- debt, ineffective taxation, failed reforms, poverty
Resurgence of nobility v. Rising Bourgeoisie OR Purely Political
(Classical vs Revisionist view)
Commoners
Fear, desperation, Storming of Bastille & The Great Fear

12. “The Tennis Court Oath” by Jacques Louis David
June 20, 1789

13. Storming the Bastille, July 14, 1789
A rumor that the king was planning a military coup against the National Assembly.
18 died.
73 wounded.
7 guards killed.

14. The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt (July 20, 1789)
Rumors that the feudal aristocracy were sending hired brigands to attack peasants and pillage their land.

15. “Great Fear”

16. The First Phase Moderate
Constituent Assembly

17. National Constituent Assembly 1789 - 1791
Adopt the August Decrees August 4-11, 1789
A rejection of aristocratic privileges!
2. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Liberty, property

18. Garnering Peaceful Support

19. The “October Days” (1789) Violence & Fear Again!... Tuileries Palace
Flight of the Émigrés
March of the Women

20. To Versailles

21. Louis XVI “Accepts” the Constitution & the National Assembly. 1791

22. Would it be correct to say that the French Revolution did not truly get underway until two years after its beginning?

23. French Constitution of 1791
A Bourgeois Government

24. A New Government King with suspensive veto Legislative Assembly
Elected by “active citizens”
An independent judiciary
83 Departments
Financed by church lands - assignats

25. Relationship with the Church
Revolution is anti-clerical!
Begins the long relationship between the Church and Conservative forces

26. Civil Constitution of the Clergy
Government paid the salaries of the French clergy and maintained the churches.
The church was reorganized:
Parish priests were elected by the district assemblies.
Bishops were named by the department assemblies.
The pope had NO voice in the appointment of the French clergy.
It transformed France’s Roman Catholic Church into a branch of the state!!

27. October 1791: Constituent Assembly disbands for Legislative Assembly under New Constitution