1. POST-FRAME BUILDINGS: A LIGHT-COMMERCIAL MAINSTAY Copyright © 2011 National Frame Building Association

2. CONTINUING EDUCATION The National Frame Building Association is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems. This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

3. “With so many structural framing options, building functions, and architectural finishes, post-frame building systems are limited only by the architect’s imagination and creativity.” —Harvey Manbeck, PE PhD, professor emeritus at Penn State University and NFBA technical advisor Photo courtesy of Kistler BuildingsPhoto courtesy of Wick

4. “Post-frame contributes very well to both the environment and the value for your dollar.” — Cheryl Ciecko, ALA AIA LEED AP CSI GGP, technical director, WoodWorks, a nonprofit initiative of the Wood Products Council Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLCPhoto courtesy of Fingerlakes Construction Company

5. Versatility and range of applications Structural features that make these systems unique Key performance characteristics Resources for designing post-frame building systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings

6. Many architects and design professionals are unfamiliar with post frame. It is not commonly included in traditional architectural school curricula. They incorrectly equate post-frame construction with post-and-beam construction They think post frame is only for agricultural buildings (i.e., barns, storage facilities, or horse facilities). WHAT IS POST FRAME?

7. POST FRAME IS EVERYWHERE Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC

8. CONVENIENCE STORES Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC Photo courtesy of Fbi Buildings Photo courtesy of Wick Building

9. RESTAURANTS Photo courtesy of Fbi Buildings

10. COMMERCIAL OFFICE AND VETERINARY CLINICS Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings

11. RELIGIOUS SPACES Photo courtesy of Wick Buildings

12. PRIVATE HOMES Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings

13. PUBLIC BUILDINGS Photo courtesy of Morton Buildings Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC and SL Construction

14. COMMUNITY BUILDINGS Photo courtesy of Little Construction Co., Inc. Photo courtesy of Kistler Buildings

15. RECEPTION HALLS Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC and Eastern Iowa Building, Inc.

16. RETAIL STORES Photo courtesy of Lester Building Systems, LLC

17. POST-AND-BEAM CONSTRUCTION Continuous Footer or Pier Foundation Post Pinned Connection Girder (Beam) Floor Concrete Pier

18. POST-AND-BEAM CONSTRUCTION Post Girder (Beam) Purlin

19. THIS IS POST FRAME Figure 1. Post-frame building with trusses supported by embedded posts Primary frames Wood Column Clear span truss Embedded Post Foundation Truss-to-Post Connection

20. THIS IS POST FRAME Figure 2. Post-frame building mounted on a concrete stem wall Roof Purlin Wall Girt

21. PRIMARY FEATURES OF POST FRAME Wood columns Truss Purlins Sheathing Wall girts

22. PRIMARY FEATURES OF POST FRAME

23. THIS IS POST FRAME—PLAN VIEW Purlin Post Girder (Header) Clear Span Truss

24. KEY FEATURES OF POST FRAME Eave Height Post Height Clear Span X-section Post Footing Post Foundation Sidewall Post Truss Purlins Girts Splashboard

25. wood sidewall columns wide bay spacing—8 ft and greater large clear spans—over 100 ft embedded wood columns or concrete piers attached wall and roof sheathing or cladding form structural shearwall/structural diaphragm system for resisting lateral loads KEY FEATURES OF POST FRAME

26. Solid-sawn, glued-laminated, or mechanically (nail) laminated wood Nominal 6x6, 6x8, 8x8, or 8x10 cross section Typically spaced 4, 6, 8, 12, or 16 ft on center along sidewall Any portion of the wood post embedded directly into the ground and 6–12 in. above grade is pressure preservative treated to AWPA- recommended levels for ground contact WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMNS

27. Spliced glued-laminated column 3- or 4-ply, fabricated with 2x lumber lower portion is preservative treated upper portion is untreated WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMN

28. WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMNS Nail-laminated posts with treated bottom spliced to untreated top Preservative- treated splash board

29. WOOD SIDEWALL COLUMNS Untreated Post Concrete Pier

30. PRESSURE PRESERVATIVE TREATMENTS Posts embedded in the ground, specify: use category UC4B or better per AWPA- U1-09 e.g., CCA@0.60 pcf

31. POST FOUNDATION OPTIONS: EMBEDDED TREATED COLUMNS Treated

32. PRECAST OR CAST-IN-PLACE REINFORCED CONCRETE PIER Pre-cast reinforced concrete pier with post attached above grade Entire assembly pre- engineered Assembly usually fabricated in factory and shipped to site as a single unit

33. PRE-CAST REINFORCED CONCRETE PIER Reinforcement Cleat

34. CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE FOUNDATION WALL Untreated Post Connection Hardware Cast-in-Place Concrete Foundation Wall

35. THICKENED CONCRETE SLAB

37. Blow-molded plastic or HDPE plastic protective barriers Provide moisture and insect protection “Enhance protection of copper- based chemical treated wood posts or laminated columns” PROTECTIVE POST COVERS

38. Pre-engineered metal plate connected 2x lumber trusses typically spaced 4–8 ft on center Heavier timber trusses for larger post and truss spacings and aesthetic requirements Solid-sawn wood rafters spaced 2–4 ft on center for shorter clear spans Glulam rafters for larger rafter spacings or clear spans ROOF FRAMING

39. Trusses Sidewall Post (connected to trusses)

40. Posts are connected directly to the roof framing if post and roof framing spacing are the same Posts and roof framing are often connected to header beams if post and roof framing spacing are not the same POST TO ROOF FRAMING CONNECTIONS

41. POST TO ROOF FRAMING CONNECTION Block Height Block Connection is usually a pinned connection (not a moment-resisting connection).

42. POST TO ROOF FRAMING CONNECTION

44. SOLID SAWN POSTS 1½” Connection with truss fastened to slide of post and with bear block Connection with truss bearing on notch in post Typical post to truss connection details for a solid sawn post application

45. POST TO ROOF FRAMING CONNECTION Schematic of typical connection details Truss to header (girder) Header (girder) to roof

46. POST TO ROOF FRAMING CONNECTION Metal Plate Connector Header (Girder) Blocking

47. ROOF PURLIN PLACEMENT Purlins oriented flat or “on edge,” depending on truss and purlin spacing Purlins placed either on top or inset between truss top chords or inset between roof rafters

48. ROOF FRAMING AND PURLINS Truss Purlin 2 ft o.c. Connection to Post Connection 8 ft o.c.

49. Typically 2x4 to 2x8 solid sawn lumber, spaced 24–32 in. apart Oriented “flat” on outside face of wall post for smaller post and girt spacings and loads “On edge” between adjacent posts for larger loads or post or girt spacings WALL GIRTS

50. WALL GIRTS AND SHEATHING Wall Girt Sheating

51. WALL GIRTS AND SHEATHING

52. SECONDARY FRAMING AND BRACING Corner bracing in upper chords of trusses Diagonal bracing for lower chords of trusses Lower chord stiffeners for trusses Cross bracing of selected compression webs Continuous longitudinal bracing of long compression webs and chords of trusses

53. Guide to Good Practices for Handling, Installing, Restraining & Bracing of Metal-Plate Connected Wood Trusses (WTCA and TPI) B1 and B3 summary sheets: handling and bracing trusses B10 summary sheet: Post-frame truss installation and bracing TRUSS BRACING

54. The most economical combination has laminated wood sidewall and endwall columns embedded post or embedded concrete pier foundations metal-plate connected 2x wood roof trusses and 26- to 29-gauge ribbed steel roof and wall sheathing UNIQUE FEATURES OF PF

55. ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 484 for diaphragm design of metal-clad, post-frame rectangular buildings ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 486 for shallow post foundation design ANSI/ASAE (ASABE) EP 559 for design requirements and bending properties for mechanically laminated columns PF TECHNICAL RESOURCES

56. Structural design procedures for PF building systems – PF designer’s primary reference – www.NFBA.org PF BUILDING DESIGN MANUAL

57. Cost-effective Energy efficient Code compliance Sustainability and greenness Design flexibility Durability and strength BENEFITS OF POST FRAME

58. National Frame Building Association (NFBA) www.PostFrameAdvantage.com www.NFBA.org NFBA 8735 W Higgins Road Suite 300 Chicago, IL 60631 MORE ABOUT POST FRAME

59. National Frame Building Association (NFBA) www.NFBA.org www.PostFrameAdvantage.com NFBA 8735 W Higgins Road Suite 300 Chicago, IL 60631 QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS?

60. PREPARED BY HARVEY B. MANBECK, P.E., PHD PROFESSOR EMERITUS PENN STATE UNIVERSITY COPYRIGHT @ 2011 BY THE NATIONAL FRAME BUILDING ASSOCIATION