1. Matter All matter has Mass and Volume.
Every sample of matter is either an element, a compound, or a mixture.

2. Element A substance that cannot be broken down
into simpler substances by
chemical means.

3. Atoms
Each element is made of one kind of atom.
Atoms are the smallest unit of an element
that maintains the chemical properties of
that element.

4. Symbols Short hand way of writing element names.
First letter capital. All others are lower case.
One, two or three letters.
Print like in kindergarten.

5. Elements of the Human Body In order of amounts
Oxygen about 66% of body.
Carbon about 18%.
Hydrogen about 10%.
Potassium, calcium, sulfur,nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium 2% or less.

6. Molecule Smallest unit of substance that behaves like the substance.
Examples H2O, O2

7. Compounds Substance made up of atoms of different elements.
Each molecule of a compound contains 2 or more elements that are chemically combined.
They combine in the same proportions.
Example- NaCl, KOH

8. Compounds Have unique properties
Have properties unlike elements that combine to make the compound.

9. Chemical Formula
Shows how many atoms of each element make up the compound
The number of atoms is written as a subscript after the element’s symbol.
If only one atom, then no subscript.
NO, NO ones.
Numbers in front of compound show molecules.
Example 3H2O

10. Pure Substances Pure substance- matter that has a fixed composition.
Elements and compounds are pure substances.
Pure substances can not be separated into parts.
They are chemically combined and can not be physically separated.

11. Mixtures Combination of substances that are not chemically combined
Can be separated into their parts
Classified by how well they mix

12. Types of Mixtures
Homogeneous Mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture

13. Homogeneous Mixture Components are evenly distributed
Mixture is the same throughout
Can also be called a solution.
Example- gasoline-100 liquids
Gasoline is misicible.
Miscible- able to be mixed.
Immiscible-will not mix
Example- oil and water

14. Heterogeneous Mixture
Substances not evenly distributed
Some are hard to recognize.
Ex. Shirt- cotton and polyester
salad

15. Miscible and Immiscible
Gasoline is miscible.
Miscible- able to be mixed.
Immiscible-will not mix
Example- oil and water
Gases can mix with liquids.
Gas-liquid mixture-
carbonated drinks
gas in drink and air bubbles
foam
egg whites

16. Properties of Matter
Physical properties
Chemical properties

17. Physical Properties
Characterists that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
Can help identify substances
state, color
Can be observed and measured
boiling point- the temp at which a liquid changes
to a gas
melting point-the temp at which a solid changes
to a liquid
Help determine uses-antifreeze, aluminum foil
Example-strength, hardness, magnetism, ability to
conduct heat or electricity, density

18. Density
D=m/v
Measure of how much matter is contained in a certain volume of a substance
Units- example- g/cm3, g/ml, cg/ml
Water has a density of 1g/cm3
A cubic centimeter has the same volume as a milliliter.

19. Density, Mass, Weight Density is different from Mass.
Mass and weight are different.
D= mass/volume
Mass- amount of substance
Weight- pull of gravity on a substance.

20. Chemical Properties
Describes how a substance changes into a new substance, by
1. combining with other elements
2. breaking apart into new substances
Example- 1. Flammability – ability to burn
2. Nonflammability-does not burn
3. Reactivity- capacity of a
substance to combine with
another substance( iron + O = rust)

21. Chemical and Physical Properties
Are not alike
Can observe physical properties without changing the identity of the substance
Can observe chemical properties only in situations in which the identity of the substance changes

22. Changes in Matter
Physical Change-affects 1 or more physical properties of a substance without changing the identity of the substance
Example- cutting hair, melting popsicle, crushing a can, sugar dissolving
Do not change identity of substance
During physical change-energy is absorbed or released, arrangement of atoms is the same even if looks different

23. Chemical Changes
Chemical change- happens when one or more substances are changed into entirely new substances that have different properties.
Examples- food digested, battery dies, oxygen breathed, fruit ripening

24. Chemical Changes Form new substances
Interaction – the action or influence between things
Can be detected-
change in color, odor, fizzing, foaming,
sound, heat, light
Chemical changes can not be reversed by
physical changes.
(bread baking, rust, milk turning sour)

25. Breaking Down Mixtures
Mixtures can be separated by physical changes.
Mixtures are not chemically combined.
Breakdown by removing pieces, heat, distillation, centrifuge, evaporation

26. Breaking Down Compounds
Breakdown through chemical changes
heat, electric current, chemical changes