1. Chapter 10 Carbon Chemistry

2. 10-1 Carbon and its Compounds -Most cmpnds that contain C are known as organic cmpnds -organic means “ coming from life ” -Two inorganics can make an organic. (ex: urea)

3. -All organic cmpnds contain the element C *Organic Chemistry:

4. -Bonding Of Carbon -forms covalent bonds -can form long straight chains, branched chains, single rings, or rings joined

5. -bonds can be single cov, double cov, or triple cov -great variety of organic cmpnds because the same atoms can be rearranged to form new cmpnds

6. -Properties of Organic Cmpnds -typically nonpolar -usually exist as gases, liquids, or low-melting solids -strong odors

7. -low MP -do not conduct electrical cur -will not dissolve in polar substances

8. -Structural Formulas *shows the kind, #, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule…EX: methane -C has 4 valence e-

9. -Isomers: cmpnds have same molecular formula but diff structures Ex: C 6 H 14

10. 10-2 Hydrocarbons *organic cmpnd that contains only H and C ex: natural gas, petroleum -excellent fuels(burn well in the presence of oxy)

11. ~Types of hydrocarbons -Saturated: single bonds -Unsaturated: one or more bonds are double or triple

12. -Alkanes: -all single cov bonds(Sat.) -each alkane differs from the preceding member by the group C n H 2n+2

13. -Alkenes: -at least one bond is double cov bond(unsat.) -C n H 2n -more reactive, bonds broken more easily

14. -Alkynes: -at least one bond is triple cov bond(unsat.) -C n H 2n-2 -even more reactive

15. -Naming: -Alkane: ends in ane -Alkene: ends in ene -Alkyne: end in yne

16. -Cycloalkanes: sat. hydrocarbon rings -Aromatic: ring of 6 C joined by alternating single and double cov bonds ex: benzene