1. Present perfect tense: negative, interrogative adverbs of time

2. Negative statements are formed like this.
not 
I have finished.

3. Negative statements are formed like this.
I have not/haven’t finished.
not 
You have finished.

4. Negative statements are formed like this.
I have not/haven’t finished.
You have not/haven’t finished.
not 
She has finished.

5. Negative statements are formed like this.
I have not/haven’t finished.
You have not/haven’t finished.
She has not/hasn’t finished.

6. Questions are formed like this.
I have finished.
Have I finished?
You have finished.
Have you finished?
She has finished.
Has she finished?

7. Just Already/yet Once/twice Ever/never Since/for
Adverbs of time
Just
Already/yet
Once/twice
Ever/never
Since/for

8. Warning!! We cannot use the Present Perfect tense with adverb of time,
yesterday. 
I have done my homework yesterday.
 I did my homework yesterday.

9. ‘Just’ goes in the middle of the sentence.
In the Present Perfect tense, we use just for the events that recently occured.
Do you want to drink tea?
‘Just’ goes in the middle of the sentence.
No, I have just drunk tea.

10. ‘Yet’ goes at the END of the sentence or question.
Already / yet
In the Present Perfect tense, we use yet with questions or negative (no) sentences.
Have you eaten the apples yet? (question)
‘Yet’ goes at the END of the sentence or question.
No, I haven’t eaten the apples yet. (negative)

11. Already / yet
In the Present Perfect tense, we use already with positive (yes) sentences.
Have you eaten the apples yet? (question)
Yes, I’ve already eaten the apples. (positive)
‘Already’ goes in the MIDDLE or at the END of the sentence.
or Yes, I’ve eaten the apples already. (positive)

12. once / twice
In the Present Perfect tense, we use once /twice to express frequency.
How many time have you given flowers to the pop star ? (question)
I’ve given flowers to a pop star once only.
‘once’ goes at the END of the sentence.
or I’ve given flowers to a pop star only once.

13. ever / never
In the Present Perfect tense, we use ever (question) and never (answer) to express frequency.
Have you ever celebrated the Cheung Chau Bun Festival ? (question)
No,I’ve never celebrated the Cheung Chau Bun Festival. (answer)

14. Already / yet excersises
e.g. do
______ Mary _______ her homework _____?
Yes, she __________her homework _______ .
Has
done
yet
has done
already or
Yes, she _________________her homework.
has already done

15. Already / yet e.g. Has eaten yet
______ Ben _______ his hamburger_____ ?
No, he ___________________ his hamburger
_______ .
hasn’t / has not eaten
yet

16. Practice 1 (do) ________ Mum ________ the washing _______ ?
Yes, she _______________ the washing.
Has
done
yet
has already done
2 (sweep)
________ Sally and Joe ________ the
floor _______ ?
No, they____________ the floor
_____ .
Have
swept
yet
haven’t swept
yet

17. Practice 3 (throw) ________ you ________ away the rubbish _______ ?
Yes, I ______________ away the rubbish
_______ .
Have
thrown
yet
’ve / have thrown
already
4 (write)
________ Mark ________ the letter
_______ ?
No, he ____________ the letter _____ .
Has
written
yet
hasn’t written
yet

18. Practice 5 (have) _______ you ______ _______ breakfast in your bed?
No, I ____________ ________ breakfast in my bed.
Have
ever
had
have never
had

19. Events that began in the past and haven't changed:
For, Since
e.g. I’ve grown flowers for two years.
2012-now
Now is 2014.

20. Since, For
We use the present perfect tense with since and for to say how long an action has lasted.
I have played the piano since 2010.
I have played the piano for four years.

21. Since Since is used for: start of the time a particular time
Since Monday
Present
Past
Monday
start of the time

22. Since
We use since with the present perfect tense to refer to the starting point of an action.
I have studied at this school since 2011.
starting time
2011
Now 2014
(2011 is a point of time, not a period of time.)

23. Since can be used with ............ Since 9 o’clock last weekend
Christmas
12:30
2001
April 4th

24. Sample sentences with Since
I have been in the office since 9 o’clock.
I have lived in Buffalo since 2006.
She has known John since December 12th.
We haven’t taken a test since last week.
I have had a driving license since I was 18.
They have taken this class since January.
It hasn’t snowed since two weeks ago.

25. For For is used for: a period of time a duration of time 1 2 3 4
For four days
Present
Past

26. period of time (for two years)
We use for with the present perfect tense to refer to a period of time.
I have studied at this school for two years.
Now 2014
starting time
since 2012
period of time (for two years)
( ‘Two years’ is a period of time, not a point of time.)

27. For can be used with ………….
an hour
a long time
ten seconds
a decade
ten minutes
five years
a month
two weeks

28. Sample Sentences with For
I have waited for my friend for an hour.
I have studied English for a month.
It hasn’t snowed for more than two weeks.
Have you been in Buffalo for a long time?
She has been in Canada for five years.
They haven’t slept for a whole day.
I have talked with my mother for 10 minutes.

29. Practice (1) 1 I have had piano lessons _____ ten years.
Use since or for.
1 I have had piano lessons _____ ten years.
2 Peter has collected stamps _____ 2003.
3 Amy has grown flowers _____ last month.
4 My brother has played football _____ two years.
5 John and Jenny have been friends _____ eight months.
6 They have done ballet _____ 2000.
7 My father has driven his car _____ 1996.
for
since
since
for
for
since
since

30. Let’s compare since with for !
I have had this book _______ May 1st.
I have had this book _______ two weeks.
I have been in Ankara _______ 2007.
I have been in Ankara _______ for seven year.
I have known him _______ two years.
I have known him _______ 2012.

31. How long …? How long have played football? collected stickers?
learnt the piano?
has
you he
she
played football
collected stickers
learnt the piano
since
for
2013.
one year. I He
She
have
has

32. How long… ? A: How long have you painted pictures?
paint pictures, 2009
A: How long have you painted pictures?
B: I have painted pictures since 2009.

33. grow flowers, six months
A: How long have you grown flowers?
B: I have grown flowers for six months.

34. make handicrafts, March
A: How long have you made handicrafts?
B: I have made handicrafts since March.

35. play the violin, five years
A: How long have you played the violin?
B: I have played the violin for five years.

36. collect seashells, last summer
Shirley
collect seashells, last summer
A: How long ____________________________?
B: She ________________________________ .
has Shirley collected seashells
has collected seashells since last summer

37. A: How long __________________________ ?
Know, your best friend,
Ten years
A: How long __________________________ ?
B: I _________________________________ .
have you known your best friend
have known my best friend for ten years

38. How many times …? How many times have been to a concert?
travelled alone?
has
you he
she
been to a concert only once.
travelled alone twice. I He
She
have
has

39. A: How many times ___________________ ? B: I________________________.
visit,Rome,only once
A: How many times ___________________ ?
B: I________________________.
have you visited Rome
have visited Rome only once

40. A: How many times ___________________ ? B: I_______________________.
sleep, a tent, never
A: How many times ___________________ ?
B: I_______________________.
have you slept in a tent
have never slept in a tent

41. Practice (past simple or present perfect)
e.g. I _______ a dress two weeks ago. (make)
made
1 I ______________ in Hong Kong since (live)
2 My parents _______ our house in (buy)
3 Miss Lee ___________ at my school for two years. (teach)
4 Tom _______ his uncle one month ago. (visit)
5 Polly and Dolly __________ friends since last year. (be)
6 The baby __________ for four hours. (sleep)
have lived
bought
has taught
visited
have been
has slept