1. World History Chapter 4 3100 B.C. – 671 B.C.
Egypt
World History
Chapter 4
3100 B.C. – 671 B.C.

2. The Dating Game What does B.C. mean?
It stands for Before Christ, and it means the number of years before the birth of Jesus Christ. That was 2000 years ago, so the date 552 B.C. means 2552 years ago.
Some people use B.C.E. instead. That stands for Before the Common Era, and is used in order to avoid Christian references. History for Kids feels that since this is a Christian dating system, it's a little silly to try to hide that.

3. The Dating Game What does A.D. mean?
A.D. stands for Anno Domini, which is Latin for "year of our Lord," and it means the number of years since the birth of Jesus Christ. That was 2000 years ago, so the date 500 A.D. means 1500 years ago.
Some people use C.E. instead. That stands for Common Era, and is used in order to avoid Christian references. History for Kids feels that since this is a Christian dating system, it's a little silly to try to hide that.

4. Introduction
Where is Egypt?

7. What do you know about Egypt?
What do you know about ancient Egyptian people?

8. What can we infer about ancient Egyptians from these pictures?

9. The Nile Area where Egyptians settled
Civilization lasted about 2000 years
lasting impression
Flows north 4,145 miles
central Africa to Mediterranean
last 600 miles in Egypt

11. FLOODING OF THE NILE Advantages of the Nile What did the people do?
flooded
how is this an advantage?
leftovers make good soil
What did the people do?
farmers
flax, wheat, barley, grapes
inventive
shadoof

12. Section 2 The Old Kingdom
The Beginning
Upper Egypt-Led by King Narmer
Lower Egypt- invaded by King Narmer (3100 bc)
King married lower Egyptian princess
two kingdoms unite
called “wearer of both crowns”
lasted about 500 years

13. How They Lived The City The Estates center of religion and government
Kings, government officials, Priests, Artisans
The Estates
Rich Egyptians lived
commoners lived in villages on estates

14. The People Rich Egyptian Average Egyptian homes made of wood/brick
along the Nile
servants, artisans
Average Egyptian
farmers
villages on estates of rich
homes made of reeds or sunbaked mud. (built high to avoid the yearly flood)
also built monuments, roads etc.

15. The Pharaoh Strong ruler = strength and unity of country
King ---- Pharaoh (great house)
Believed to be
ruler
priest
god
ruled on earth (not heaven)

16. What came with being a Pharaoh!
owned all the land Egypt
gave gifts of land to the rich
built dams and irrigation canals for crop production
storage granaries for food preservation
chose all government officials
word of Pharaoh was law
traded with other countries

17. Rituals of Pharaoh people relied completely on Pharaoh
started the planting season by opening the water dikes
driving of the sacred bull
rich soil
first to cut the grain
rich harvest
Egyptians bowed before him, smelling earth

18. Pyramids way of showing respect to the Pharaoh
called houses of eternity
tombs
west bank of Nile because sun went down
buried with their personal belongings for happiness

20. Religious Beliefs Believed in many gods Hapi – river god Re - sun god
water and good soil
Re - sun god
crops to grow
Osiris – harvest & eternal life
Isis – Wife of Osiris
they ruled the underworld

21. Way down yonder … souls went to the underworld weighed on a scale
spells, good life, scales balanced
granted life after death
Book of the Dead
spell book

22. The Mummy…Whaaaaaa NO STINKY PHAROAHS ALLOWED
embalming to preserve the bodies
believed the soul could not live without the body
covered body with a chemical called natron
dried up all the bodies water causing it to shrink
wrapped in linen after dried up
How to Make A Mummy!

23. The Middle Kingdom 2300 B.C. Jealousy strikes
Government wants to run the show
200 years of confusion for Egyptians
Pharaohs regain control
not as powerful
no longer buried in pyramids/cliffs
Egyptians began to look beyond their borders for trade

24. End of the Middle Kingdom
Invaded by Hyksos in 1786 B.C.
Western Asia
horse drawn chariots
weapons of bronze & iron
Egyptians fought on foot
weapons of copper and stone
they lost

25. Fall of the Hyksos rules for about 150 years Egyptians hated them
Prince Ahmose (Ah moo sa)
led uprising using their weapons

26. The New Kingdom Prince Ahmose started pharaoh line again
Egypt prospered
Began taking their armies outside boundaries of the Nile
Conquering neighboring lands
Egyptian Empire

27. Religion of the New Kingdom
New kingdom, new god
Amon, god of Thebes
Thebes becomes new capitol of Egypt
Combine Amon with Re to make Amon-Re
most powerful god of all

28. Pharaohs of the New Kingdom
Hatshepsut
Woman pharaoh
not interested in war and expanding into other countries
trade and building of new temples
ivory, ebony, monkeys, dogs, leopard skin, incense
The Pharaoh Queen
Thutmose III
stepson of Hatshepsut
invaded Syria, Palestine

29. Temples of Amon-Re built by enslaved people also industrial centers
artisans worked there
boys trained to be scribes
religious works,spells,charms,prayers
record keepers

30. Egyptian Writing Hieroglyphics
pictures stand for words or sounds
painted or carved them on their monuments
The Translator

31. Decline of Egypt priests began to take control away from pharaoh
1370 B.C. Amenhotep IV
tried to regain full control
closed all Amon-Re temples
created a new religion and god- Aton
changed his name to Akhenaton (spirit of Aton)
not many followed

32. Tutankhamen aka “King Tut”
took over after the death of his father-in-law Amenhotep died.
He was nine years old; and married!
Reverted back to Amon-Re
Died at 18

33. Factors that brought an end to Egypt
constant struggle for power between the priests and pharaohs
pharaohs desire to conquer neighboring countries
using money to import iron for weapons that other countries already had
671 B.C. Assyrians take them over

34. Egyptian Contributions
Papyrus paper – made from flattened reeds
ink – to write on the papyrus
mathematical system based on 10 (metric)
survey methods
made a calendar based on the flooding of the Nile
specialists in medicine
splints, bandages, stitches, setting bones
stomach ache-castor oil
hair loss- dog toes, dates and donkey hoof

35. REFERENCES