1. A DVANCES IN T ECHNOLOGY Chapter 22 section1

2. K EY T ERMS Michael Faraday Thomas Edison Bessemer process Henry Ford Wilbur and Orville Wright Telegraph Samuel Morse Alexander Graham Bell Guglielmo Marconi

3. E ARLY A TTEMPTS AT E LECTRIC P OWER Benjamin Franklin studied electricity Michael Faraday discovered connection between magnetism and electricity Dynamo- machine that generated electricity by moving magnets through a copper wire

4. E ARLY A TTEMPTS AT E LECTRIC P OWER Faraday used this to make the first electric motor 1860 Joseph Swan invented a primitive light bulb 40 more years till there is a useable light bulb

5. E DISON ’ S L IGHTBULB Thomas Edison first lightbulb in 1879 Came through trial and error Made generators, motors, electric sockets Major role in city electrical utility systems First electric power plant New York City Could light several blocks

6. E FFECTS ON I NDUSTRY AND D AILY L IFE Electric power improved industry in three ways Using electric power no longer needed to depend on steam engines Did not have to locate factories near water Factory production increases because they did have to depend on daylight OOO

7. E FFECTS ON I NDUSTRY AND D AILY L IFE Lamps, candles, gaslight lit homes Electricity was cheaper Made daily life more convenient

8. S TEAM P OWERED T RAINS Trains began to replace boats Could carry heavy loads Did not require waterways Faster than boats Manchester to Liverpool first rail line 1840 – 3,000 miles of rails Improvement of steel made it stronger and cheaper

9. S TEAM P OWERED T RAINS Henry Bessemer and William Kelly developed the Bessemer Process Forced air through molten steel to burn out carbon Factories increased production of locomotives, railroad tracks Stronger steel for bridges

10. S TEAM P OWERED T RAINS 1860 30,000 miles of track West of the Mississippi it brought people in to settle Cities in America grew along the tracks India’s first train ran in 1851

11. S TEAM P OWERED T RAINS 1852 first African railroad 1891 construction on the Trans-Siberian Railway began Transportation costs declined New products became available Shoppers had a choice

12. S TEAMSHIPS Changed ocean travel Could travel through any kind of weather 1849 traveled around South America 1870 long distance shipment of good by steamship People did ocean voyages

13. T HE A UTOMOBILE 1769 tried to build personal transportation Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler developed practical automobiles 1885 three wheel vehicle Daimler put an internal combustion engine on a horse wagon

14. T HE A UTOMOBILE 1908 Henry Ford announces “I will build a car for the great multitude.” Used mass production built the Model T 1920 Model T made up 40-50% of American automobiles 1915 more roads than rails

15. T HE A IRPLANE 1783 first hot air balloon Wilbur and Orville Wright first flight December 17, 1903 Wrights spent four years developing their airplane Designed a glider with special wings

16. T HE A IRPLANE Attached two engines Flew 120 feet Less that then wingspan of a 747

17. T ELEGRAPH A machine that instantly send messages over a wire Samuel Morse invented the telegraph in 1837 Language used was Morris Code Long and short signals 1844 built 35 miles of telegraph wires

18. T ELEGRAPH Between Washington D.C. and Baltimore First message “What hath God wrought?” New era in communication 1851 there were 50 telegraph companies

19. T ELEGRAPH 10 years later they were strung along railroad tracks Telegraph cable laid on the ocean floor between the U.S. and England News traveled in hours instead of weeks

20. T HE T ELEPHONE Alexander Graham Bell- teacher of hearing impaired students 1876 first message “Mr. Watson, come here, I need to see you.” Could hear the voice through the receiver 1880’s several thousand miles of wires

21. T ELEPHONE 1915 1.5 million telephones installed in homes and offices

22. R ADIO AND P HONOGRAPH 1895 Guglielmo Marconi-built wireless telegraph or radio First used to communicate with ships Later used for entertainment and news Thomas Edison- invented the record player Made music available to everyone