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2. Research Integrity in Europe & beyond USA Pioneer 1989: Office of Inspector General (NSF) and Office of Research Integrity (NIH) Nordic countries: Pioneer in Europe Early 1990s Germany 1999 (DFG and MPG) England 2006 (UKRIO) Austria 2008 (OeAWI) European Network of Research Integrity Offices 2008 (ENRIO; 19 member countries) ESF/ALLEA: The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (2011) EU Horizon 2020: Research Integrity included OECD: Facilitating International Research Misconduct Investigations (2009) 1stWorld Conference on Research Integrity (WCRI) Lisbon (2007): 2 nd World Conference (WCRI) in Singapore (2010): Singapore Statement 3 rd WCRI in Montreal (2013) Montreal Statement 4th WCRI Rio de Janeiro (2015) 2

3. Members of ENRIO Representatives from 21 European countries (2 observers) Members belong to:  National organizations responsible for investigation and/or oversight of allegations of research misconduct  Organizations providing funding for research  National organizations with a special interest in promoting RI 3

4. ENRIO: Members 2014 CEPN OeAWI FWO VCWI CESHE DCSD TENK CNRS INSERM OMBUDSMAN HRB RIA CNR FNR LOWI ETIKKOM PAN SRDA CSIC SA UKRIO 4/2014 by OeAWI ETAg ABBREVIATIONS AustriaOeAWI Austrian Agency for Research Integrity BelgiumFWO Research Foundation – Flanders VCWI Flemish Commission for Research Integrity CroatiaCESHE Croatian Committee on Ethics in Science and Higher Education (until Nov. 2010) Czech RepublicAcademy of Sciences of the Czech Republic DenmarkDCSD Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty EstoniaETAg Estonian Research Council FinlandTENK Finnish Advisory Board on Research Integrity FranceCNRS Centre national de la recherche scientifique INSERM Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale GermanyOMBUDSMAN Ombudsman für die Wissenschaft SciInt Scientificintegrity.de IrelandHRB Health Research Board RIA Royal Irish Academy ItalyCNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche LuxembourgFNR Fonds National de la Recherche NetherlandsLOWI National Board for Research Integrity NorwayETIKKOM The National Committees for Research Ethics PolandPAN Polska Akademia Nauk PortugalFCT Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology Slovak RepublicSRDA Slovak Research and Development Agency SpainCSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas SwedenCEPN Expert Group for misconduct in research at the Central Ethical Review Board SwitzerlandSA Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences United KingdomUKRIO UK Research Integrity Office © digitale-europakarte.de Member Observer SciInt FCT AV CR

5. ENRIOs strengths (1) Exchange of information and experience – Improve own national structures and procedures – Support/Advice members having no national structures 5 Discussion of Cases – Hot topics: “plagiarism”, “authorship”, “digital data storage”,…

6. ENRIO’s strengths (2) Independence, voluntary membership – No bureaucracy – Democracy 6 Enthusiasm of the members – Personally convinced of the importance of promoting RI – Different backgrounds

7. ENRIO aims to…. Meet twice a year Share experience/best practice  Investigation of allegations of research misconduct  Training/Education in good scientific practice Externally Develop proposals for national and international organizations Cooperate with other international organizations engaged in RI 7

8. Different national RI systems Austria Denmark Norway 8

9. Different national RI systems Austria Denmark Norway 9

10. 10 Austria

11. 11 Austria (1) Austrian Agency for Research Integrity Founded in 2008 Association; today 36 member institutions Financed through membership fees Not part of the Ministry; independent organisation

12. 12 Structure Raising awareness Prevention Agency financed through membership fees ALL Universities Non-university research inst. Funding agencies members (36 institutions) Everyone Chair: President of the Austrian Science Fund Board (6 members) Research Misconduct Commission (6 members; Non- Austrians) Austria (2)

13. 13 Austrian Commission for Research Integrity 6 members: renowned scientists, different disciplines Appointed by the Austrian Research Council Non-Austrians!!!

14. 14 Tasks of the Agency 3. „Service facility“:  guarantee independent and confidential investigations  advise members in all matters related to scientific integrity 1. Safeguarding good scientific practice 4. National and international Networking 2. Raising awareness

15. 15 Denmark

16. Denmark (1) Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty (DCSD) 1992- Office is part of the central administration of the Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation, part of the Ministry (M. of Science, Innovation and Higher Education). „Scientific dishonesty“ is defined by law  Consolidation Act No. 1064 (6.9.2012; Parliament)  Executive Order No. 306 (20.4.2009; Government/Ministry) 16

17. Denmark (2) Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty (DCSD) Committee on Scientific Dishonesty for  Research in Health and Medical Sciences  Research in Natural, Technological and Production Science  Research in Cultural and Social Science Permanent Board: members elected for 4 + 2 years 17

18. Denmark (3) Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty (DCSD) 1 Chair for all 3 Committees + 6 members (6 proxy) in each Committee  Chair is high court judge  Members are renowned scientists Appointed by the Ministry (advised by Danish Council for Independent Research). The Committees are independent. Can not be instructed. 18

19. Denmark (4) Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty (DCSD) Office within Division for Legal Affairs (Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation) Decisions are made public in extenso, anonymized (not confidential). May recommend sanctions All severe allegations. Some 10 Cases per year. Yearly anonymized report No mandate to promote RI in Denmark so far. Working on a Code of Conduct 19

20. 20 Norway

21. 21 Norway (1) The Norwegian National Research Ethics Committees (RI) including National Commission for the Investigation of Research Misconduct Research Ethics Committees founded in 1990. Independent. Responsible for national guidelines. The National Commission (RM): 7 members (1 from abroad) 4 proxy. 4 years x 2 founded in 2007 Under the auspicies of Ministry of Education and Research Chair: Must have experience as a judge Research misconduct is defined by law. Covers public and private research

22. 22 Norway (2) Local level: Main responsibility for investigating allegations and for preventing misconduct and QRP. May ask for guidance/advice from the National Commission National level Anyone can send a complaint to the National Commission. The National Commission may deal with a (seriouis) allegation or redirect it to the responsible institution, enterprise etc. Oversight function: Institutions etc. are expected to inform the National Commission about handled cases May investigate a case on its own initiative

23. 23 Norway (3) National Commisssion Documents may be kept confidential during investigation The decisions of are made public (anonymized but not confidential). Decisions may be appealed to the Ministry (Ad hoc body) Yearly anonymized report on all known Norwegian cases. Since 2007: Some 10 cases/allegations per year. Research misconduct (as defined by law) have been concluded in one – two cases per year.

24. 24 AusDKNORUK RIO LawN0YES NO Investigation by national body(YES)YES(YES)NO Mainly local responsibilityYES(NO)YES SanctionsREC NO AppealN/ANOYESN/A Advisory roleYES(NO)YES Prevention/promoting RIYESNOYES National guidelines?( NO)YES Same challenges. Many solutions

25. 25 Thanks for your attention Torkild Vinther, Director National Commission for the Investigation of Research Misconduct, Norway www.etikkom.no Torkild.vinther@etikkom.no