1. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Preparation of Croatian Annual Emissions Inventory Report Davor Vešligaj, Iva Švedek EKONERG | Atmospheric Protection Department davor.vesligaj@ekonerg.hr AMGI/EURASAP Workshop, 25.05.07.

2. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Contents History Organizational framework Methodologies for emissions estimation Emission data and trends – SO 2, NO x, NMVOC, NH 3 Recommendations for inventory improvement

3. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr History – brief overview 1st Emission Inventory Report for 1990, prepared in 1996 in the framework of CORINAIR90 project From 1998 onward - regular annual reporting in the framework of CLRTAP Period covered – 1990 – 2004 Report for 2005 – in final phase Preparation on contractual basis EKONERG - 7 experts involved on sectoral basis

4. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Organizational framework Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction – CLRTAP national focal point Croatian Environment Agency – inventory agency EKONERG – executing agency Key data providers – Central Bureau of Statistics, Energy Institute Hrvoje Požar, Croatian Environment Agency (KEO), Ministry of Interior, Individual operators

5. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Methodologies for emissions estimation The goal of EMEP/CORINAIR methodology is to provide a complete, consistent, comparable and transparent air pollutant emission inventory Two approaches were applied: 1."Bottom-up" approach – used for point sources emission calculation 2."Top-down" approach – based on aggregated data (energy balance and statistical data) Software system package for air emission inventories is The Air Emission Data Exchange Module (AE- DEM software) AE DEM was developed by the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Topic Centre on Air and Climate Change (ETC/ACC) AE-DEM software was developed for sectoral emissions estimation (EstimatER), for the preparation of National emission Inventory (CollectER) and for the preparation of Reports (ReportER) in appropriate format The key elements of the National Emission Inventory System (NEIS)

6. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Methodologies for emissions estimation The AE-DEM software provides air emission calculation divided in 11 sectors, 75 sub-sectors and more than 400 activities, following the SNAP 97 nomenclature of EMEP/CORINAIR methodology main sectors: 1.Combustion in energy transformation industry 2.Non-industrial combustion plants 3.Combustion in manufacturing industry 4.Production processes 5.Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy 6.Solvent and other product use 7.Road transport 8.Other mobile source and machinery 9.Waste treatment and disposal 10.Agriculture 11.Other source and sinks For energy sectors, activity measure in particular sectors (1,2,3,5,7 and 8) is fuel consumption (coal, crude oil, fuel oil, natural gas) and/or sub-sectors The activity measure in non-energy sectors is production in sub-sector for which emission is given, for example production of some industry product and amount of waste, number of cattle (sectors 4,6 9,10,11)

7. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Methodologies for emissions estimation The main activity and emission data SectorThe Sources of data and activity dataEmission calculation Energy Energy balance (Energy Institute "Hrvoje Požar" - EIHP) Polution Emission Register (CEA) Data from industry EKONERG, Legal entity, stationary sources ovners and/or users Transport Vehicle Center of Croatia (CVH) Republic of Croatia – Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) EKONERG Industry Production in Industry, annual report - PRODCOM (Republic of Croatia – Central Bureau of Statistics CBS) Energy balance (Energy Institute ‘’Hrvoje Požar" - EIHP) Informations directly from industry EKONERG, Legal entity, stationary sources ovners and/or users Solvent and other product use Vehicle center of CroatiaCentar za vozila Hrvatske (CVH) Production in Industry, annual report - PRODCOM (Republic of Croatia – Central Bureau of Statistics, CBS) EKONERG Agriculture Informations directly from industry about invoiced amount of mineral fertilizers (PETROKEMIJA d.d.) IFADATA BANK Statistical Yearbook RH – agriculture, hunt, forestry (Republic of Croatia – Central Bureau of Statistics CBS) EKONERG Otpad Polution Emission Register (CEA)EKONERG

8. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Emission data and trends – SO 2 Emissions SO 2, the year 2004t/yrShare % Combustion in energy transformation industry25.655,042,5 Non-industrial combustion plants5.524,99,29,2 Combustion in manufacturing industry12.558,520,8 Production processes6.57,.510,9 Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy00 Solvent and other product use00 Road transport7.313,812,1 Other mobile source and machinery2.720,04,54,5 Waste treatment and disposal0,90,90 Agriculture00 Other source and sinks00 TOTAL60.349100 Emissions in relation to population kg/citizen13,6 Emissions in relation to area kg/km 2 1.066 Emissions in relation to GDP. g/US$1,76 Note: footnotes 4,5 and 6 refer for the tables from 4-1 to 4-4 [1] Population in the Republic of Croatia: 4.442.000 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [2] Land area (km 2 ): 56.594 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [3] GDP (US$): 2,881E+10 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS Stationary energy sectors have a great contribution to the national total of SO 2 emission, and sector 01 - Combustion in energy transformation industry has the greatest share in it (42.5% of the national total)

9. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Emission data and trends – SO 2 Note: footnotes 4,5 and 6 refer for the tables from 4-1 to 4-4 [1] Population in the Republic of Croatia: 4.442.000 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [2] Land area (km 2 ): 56.594 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [3] GDP (US$): 2,881E+10 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS

10. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Emission data and trends – NO X Emissions NO X, the year 2004 t/yr Share % Combustion in energy transformation industry 11.196,216,2 Non-industrial combustion plants 3.899,25,75,7 Combustion in manufacturing industry 6.334,29,29,2 Production processes 2.131,73,13,1 Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy 00 Solvent and other product use 00 Road transport 27.553,440,0 Other mobile source and machinery 17.035,824,7 Waste treatment and disposal 25,30 Agriculture 726,81,11,1 Other source and sinks 00 TOTAL 68.903100 Emissions in relation to population kg/citizen 15,5 Emissions in relation to area kg/km 2 1.217 Emissions in relation to GDP. g/US$ 2,01 Note: footnotes 4,5 and 6 refer for the tables from 4-1 to 4-4 [1] Population in the Republic of Croatia: 4.442.000 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [2] Land area (km 2 ): 56.594 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [3] GDP (US$): 2,881E+10 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS Stationary energy sectors have a great contribution to the national total of SO 2 emission, and sector 01 - Combustion in energy transformation industry has the greatest share in it (42.5% of the national total)

11. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Emission data and trends – NO X

12. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Emission data and trends – NMVOC Emissions NMVOC, the year 2004 t/yr Share % Combustion in energy transformation industry 293,40,30,3 Non-industrial combustion plants 6.637,57,27,2 Combustion in manufacturing industry 507,10,60,6 Production processes 8.723,59,59,5 Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy 7.161,37,87,8 Solvent and other product use 45.918,049,9 Road transport 19.059,220,7 Other mobile source and machinery 3.673,74,04,0 Waste treatment and disposal 1,11,10 Agriculture 00 Other source and sinks 00 TOTAL 91.975100 Emissions in relation to population kg/citizen 20,7 Emissions in relation to area kg/km 2 1.625 Emissions in relation to GDP. g/US$ 2,68 Note: footnotes 4,5 and 6 refer for the tables from 4-1 to 4-4 [1] Population in the Republic of Croatia: 4.442.000 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [2] Land area (km 2 ): 56.594 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [3] GDP (US$): 2,881E+10 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS Stationary energy sectors have a great contribution to the national total of SO 2 emission, and sector 01 - Combustion in energy transformation industry has the greatest share in it (42.5% of the national total)

13. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Emission data and trends – NMVOC

14. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Emission data and trends – NH 3 Emissions NH 3, the year 2004 t/yr Share % Combustion in energy transformation industry 11,90 Non-industrial combustion plants 122,60,30,3 Combustion in manufacturing industry 32,00,10,1 Production processes 3.331,17,57,5 Extraction and distribution of fossil fuels and geothermal energy 00 Solvent and other product use 00 Road transport 612,81,41,4 Other mobile source and machinery 2,42,40 Waste treatment and disposal 00 Agriculture 40.050,890,7 Other source and sinks 00 TOTAL 44.164100 Emissions in relation to population kg/citizen 9,99,9 Emissions in relation to area kg/km 2 780 Emissions in relation to GDP. g/US$ 1,29 Note: footnotes 4,5 and 6 refer for the tables from 4-1 to 4-4 [1] Population in the Republic of Croatia: 4.442.000 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [2] Land area (km 2 ): 56.594 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) [3] GDP (US$): 2,881E+10 – source: Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS Stationary energy sectors have a great contribution to the national total of SO 2 emission, and sector 01 - Combustion in energy transformation industry has the greatest share in it (42.5% of the national total)

15. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Emission data and trends – NH 3

16. © EKONERG | www.ekonerg.hr Recommendations for improvements Multi-year emissions inventory programmes instead of annual contracts Development of QA/QC plan and procedures Data flow Peer reviews Meeting reporting deadlines Transfer of knowledge and good practice