2. SNC 1D

3. ALIEN SPECIES  Species that are accidentally or purposefully introduced to a new location  Also known as: Introduced species Non-native species Exotic species  Can also be…..INVASIVE SPECIES

4. INVASIVE SPECIES  Non-native species that cause harm to the ecosystem in which it has been introduced  Often has no predators in new area so they reproduce faster than native species  How do they cause problems? Take over habitat of native species Invade their bodies Disrupt ecosystem Compete with native species for food and habitat

5. EXAMPLES OF INVASIVE SPECIES  Asian Carp : voracious feeders can grow to 40-50 kg consuming large quantities of food, muscling out native fish populations, and altering native habitat August 14, 2009: ○ Reached barrier at Chicago June 22, 2010: ○ Carp caught past barrier in Illinois Part 1 (7:05 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS7zkTnQVaMhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yS7zkTnQVaM Part 2 (6:39 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ChwJiKKBdAhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ChwJiKKBdA

6. EXAMPLES OF INVASIVE SPECIES:  Zebra Mussels : First detected in great lakes in 1988 Arrived in ballast water of ship ○ Ballast water: water picked up by ships to stabilize them while at sea, released at destination Effects: ○ Blocked pipelines ○ Cut people’s feet ○ Filter feeders, contain high amounts of pollutants, passed onto predators

7. EXAMPLES OF INVASIVE SPECIES:  Purple Loosestrife: Introduced from Europe in 1800s as ornamental plant Invaded wetlands throughout eastern North America, choking out many native species Altered wetland ecosystem for other species

8. Invasive Species in Cootes Paradise  Carp - Fishway constructed to prevent carp from getting in, but allowing smaller fish - Water level manipulation also used  Purple Loosestrife - beetles released that only feed on purple loosestrife - native predators of loosestrife beetles are ladybeetles, true bugs, predaceous beetles, spiders, and possibly birds, frogs, and lizards More info - http://jessiealley.wordpress.com/tag/cootes-paradise/ http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=37.062491,- 95.677076&spn=66.711008,158.027344&t=f&z=3&ecpo se=37.06250381,-95.67706712,19119373.11,0,0,0

9. WHAT CAN YOU DO?  Do not release alien plants or animals (including pets and live bait) into the wild.  Do not bring fruit, vegetables, plants, or animals with you across borders.  Before taking a recreational trip, inspect and clean fishing equipment, boats, trailers, recreational vehicles, and other items that may harbour hitch-hiking invaders.  Do not transport over long distances firewood or other wood with bark attached. Reference: Hinterlands Who’s Who: Issues and Topics: Invasive and Alien Species in Canada, http://www.hww.ca/hww2.asp?id=220

10. Consequence Mapping  What is it? - a visual tool for illustrating the many kinds of future effects related to a real or imaginary event, issue or problem - ask a “ What if? ” question and brainstorm all the consequences - Let ’ s try an example: What if we ban cars? - We can categorize our consequences as social, scientific, legal and ethical, economic, personal or environmental.

11. Home Fun !:  Complete handout a) Read pages 59 & 66 and answer the questions b) Complete the consequence map on invasive species

12. Cane Toad  1935 introduced in Australia to eat scarab beetles destroying sugar cane fields  only 100 toads imported from Hawaii, soon exploded into 10 000  shortly after introduction, found out that toads unable to fly, climb or scale sugar cane to eat the beetles that lived in upper portion of cane  toads became voracious predators to almost everything except the beetle Cane toad videoclip (8:12 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpNl8AAFyL4&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RpNl8AAFyL4&feature=related

13. Snakehead  Aggressive  can grow to 1.5 meters in length  can survive out of water for days  can also jump into boats, rip their prey in half or sever a human arm with their powerful jaws  Dubbed “Frankenfish” by U.S. media  well adapted to cold water  no natural predators in North America Snakehead videoclip (3:40 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmU7etSYYqIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmU7etSYYqI Snakehead info: http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/snakehead/overview.phphttp://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/snakehead/overview.php More info: http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatics/snakehead.shtmlhttp://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatics/snakehead.shtml

14. Asian Longhorned Beetle  1996 – arrived accidently in cargo from Asia  Destroys hardwood trees, including maple (50% of trees in GTA are maple)  Potential to destroy 50% of harwood forests in North America  No known natural enemies in Canadian forests Video (2:45 min): http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wt4LEWiXu3Uhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wt4LEWiXu3U More info: http://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/2ColumnSubPage/STEL02_166979.htmlhttp://www.mnr.gov.on.ca/en/Business/Forests/2ColumnSubPage/STEL02_166979.html