1. APA Journal STYLE and FORMAT Next yearPlz add a PDF of an article on antimicrobial activity for demo and also show the project report sample Lecture by : Dr. M.FAHAD Ullah How to Write and Publish Scientific Papers ?

2. APA Style and Format When do a researcher /scientist writes a scientific manuscript (article) Thinks of an idea /hypothesis Execute the idea for the research (Experiments) Obtain the results Plans to share the results with scientific community Writes a manuscript

3. APA Style and Format American Psychological Association (APA) Style A set of rules to standardize the writing procedure for scientific publications. It is designed:  To ensure clarity of communication  To move idea forward ( minimum of distraction and maximum of precision )

4. APA Style and Format Title Page Abstract Introduction Method Results Discussion References Appendices

5. APA Style and Format TITLE PAGE Title: summarizes the main idea of the paper(10 to 12 words recommended length) Authors (Persons contributing to the generation of the manuscript) Affiliation

6. APA Style and Format ABSTRACT The Problem ( one sentence) Participants (important characteristics) Methods ( Instrumentation, procedures and techniques) Findings ( Statistical significance) Conclusion and Implication (application) Must not exceed 120 words

7. APA Style and Format A Good Abstract: Self-contained Concise and specific Coherent and readable

8. APA Style and Format INTRODUCTION Develop the background ( review of related literature) The purpose and rationale Significance of the study Conceptual and theoretical framework Statement of the problem

9. APA Style and Format METHODOLOGY How the study was conducted Identify subsections Participants or subjects Apparatus & Materials Procedure

10. APA Style and Format RESULTS Summarizes the data and statistical analyses Report data in sufficient detail Mention all relevant results Raw data or individual scores should not be included

11. APA Style and Format RESULTS Tables and Figures Statistical Presentation Informationaly adequate statistics (Statistical significance)

12. APA Style and Format DISCUSSION Start the section with clear statement of the support or nonsupport for original hypothesis Similarities and differences between the results and the work of others should clarify and confirm the conclusion

13. APA Style and Format DISCUSSION Acknowledge limitation Address alternative explanation of results End the discussion with commentary on the importance of the findings

14. APA Style and Format REFERENCES Arranged alphabetically by family names of the authors. E.g. Format: Author (year).Title, Journal, Volume (issue), pages Acheson, K. A. & Gall, M. D. (1997). Techniques in the clinical supervision of teachers: Preservice and in-service applications. 4th ed. NY: Longman. Andrews, R & Soder, R. (1987), Principal instructional leadership and school achievement, Educational Leadership, 44 (6), 9-20.

15. APA Style and Format APPENDICES  Allows author to provide reader with detailed information

16. APA Style and Format APPENDICES Common kinds of appendices include:  Mathematical proof  Large table  List of words  A sample of questionnaire  Other survey instrument  Computer program

17. APA Style and Format References: http://www.apastyle.org http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Manual_for_Writers_of_Research_Papers,_T heses,_and_Dissertations http://en.wilkipedia.org/wiki/American Psychological Association http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACS_style http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Stylebook http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chicago_Manual_of_Style http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_of_Style http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elements_of_Typographic_Style http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_690 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MHRA_Style_Guide http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MLA_Handbook_for_Writers_of_Research_P apers http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_MLA_Style_Manual httpen.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Manual_of_Style_and_ Usage:// http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hart%27s_Rules http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style

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20. Format. single, unindented, double-spaced paragraph. Length. must not exceed 120 words.

21. APA Style and Format

26. Guidelines in References Journal Article Murzynski, J., & Degelman, D. (2008). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 117-136.Book Paloutzian, R. F. (2008). Invitation to the psychology of religion (2 nd ed.). Boston: Allen and Bacon.

27. APA Style and Format Guidelines in References Web Document on Web Site Degelman, D., & Harris, M. L. (2008). APA style essentials. Retrieved May 18, 2009, from Vanguard University, Department of Psychology Web site: http://vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.cfm?doc_id=796 http://vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.cfm?doc_id=796 Stand-alone Web document (no date) Nielsen, M.E. (n.d.). Notable people in psychology of religion. Retrieved August 3, 2007, from http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.html http://www.psywww.com/psyrelig/psyrelpr.html Stand-alone Web document (no author, no date) Gender and Society. (n.d.). Retrieved December 3, 2008, from http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/gender.html http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/gender.html

28. APA Style and Format Guidelines in References Journal article from database Hien, D., & Honeyman, T. (2000). A closer look at the drug abuse-maternal aggression link. Journal of interpersonal Violence, 15, 503-522. Retrieved May 20, 2000, from ProQuest database. Abstract from secondary database Garrity, K., & Degelman, D. (2009). Effect of server introduction on restaurant tipping. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 20, 168- 172. Abstract retrieved July 23, 2001 from PsycINFO database.

29. APA Style and Format Guidelines in References Manual American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4 th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: John Lennon. Unpublished Thesis/Dissertation Carpio, D. M. (2003). Performance of productivity of the education graduates of the University of the Assumption. Unpublished Master’s Thesis: University of the Assumption, City of San Fernando.

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31. Any question?

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