1. Capacity Building and Research Requirements for Disaster Management and Prevention
Ibrahim Komoo & Joy Jacqueline Pereira
Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

2. EARTH PROCESSES - ASSETS
Resources:
Land
Soil
Water
Minerals
Energy materials
Underground space etc.

3. EARTH PROCESSES - THREATS
Hazards
Stability
Health risk
Environment
Earthquakes and tsunami
Volcanic eruptions
Subsidence
Flooding
Erosion etc.

4. Current Population Scenario
Cities occupy about 3% of the Earth’s land surface
50% of the world’s population is urban
- Asia: hosts 60% of the world’s population, with 48% urban.
- Asia: hosts six of the megacities in the world
75% of the world population lives in coastal zones

8. Natural Disasters in Malaysia
Source: Lim, C.S (2004)

9. Pos Dipang debris flood, 44 people were reported lost or killed – August 1996

10. Taburan Banjir dan Banjir Kilat di Shah Alam (1990 – 1998)
178 Kejadian
34 Kawasan
Sumber: Bachat, J. 2006

11. Kekerapan (1990-98) 11 – 15 Sangat kerap
Nama tempat
Bil. kejadian
Kekerapan
( )
Lebuhraya Persekutuan (Sg. Rasau), Jln. Subang Airport, Kg. Subang, Kg. Lanchong Jaya, Kg. Melayu Kebun Bunga, Tmn. Sri Kilat, Tmn. Maznah, Kg. Bukit Naga, Tmn. Rashna, Kg. Lombong, Kg. Baru Hicom, Kg. Baru Subang, Jln. Glenmarie, NKVE (Plaza Tol Shah Alam), NKVE (Batu Tiga), Shah Alam, Ladang Elmina, Kg. Sg. Pelong & Kg. Baru Sg. Buloh
1 – 4
Jarang
Kg. Lembah Bina, Kg. Padang Jawa, Sg. Rasau, Kg. Melayu Subang, Bt. Kemuning, Kg. Jln. Kebun & Kg. Paya Jaras Dalam
5 – 7
Sederhana kerap
Kg. Merbau Sempak, Kg. Kubu Gajah, Kg. Paya Jaras Hilit & Kg. Paya Jaras Tengah
8 – 10
Kerap
Kg. Kebun Bunga, Batu Tiga, Tmn. Sri Muda, Kg. Paya Jaras Hulu & Bandar Baru Sg. Buloh
11 – 15
Sangat kerap
Sumber: Bachat, J. 2006

12. Landslides at Bukit Antarabangsa
Location
Date
Fatality
Tmn Hillview
20 Nov 2002
8 deaths 5 injured
Jln Lee Woon, Tmn Zooview
9 Nov 2001
Tmn Zooview
29 Oct 2001
Riverdale Apartment
April 2001
Taman Kosas
4 Jan 2001
Tmn Mulia Jaya
12 Dec 2000
Bt Antarabangsa
5 Oct 2001
Sg Sering,Tmn Kelab Ukay
30 Mac 2000
Kg. Seri Damai (dkt Tmn Kencana)
27 Feb 2000
24 Feb 2000
1 death
Tmn Bt. Permai
6 Jun 1999
Mutiara Court, Bt. Indah
11 July 1999
Jln Wangsa, Bt Antarabangsa
15 May 1999
Athenaeum Tower, Bt Antarabangsa
Jln Tasik Permai
Feb 1994
Tmn TAR
18 Dec 1993
Blok 1 Highland Towers
11 Dec 1993
48 deaths
The Malay Mail 22 Nov 2002 dan Arkib NST

13. Athenaeum
Tower
1993
Loss of 48 lives in total
Destroyed a 12-storey condominium and a bungalow
Abandonment of Highland Towers Block B and C
Litigation by owner of residents in Block B and C
Compensation to some of the families
10,000 residents cut off from the city
Evacuation of 1000 apartment dwellers
Water supply disrupted for several days
Decrease in property value
Highland
Towers
Tmn
Hillview
Tragedy could have been avoided
Destroyed a bungalow house
Approx. 50m wide and 200m long
8 lives were lost, 5 were injured
1999
2002

14. ROCK SLOPE FAILURES IN MALAYSIA
History of Rockfall:
Bukit Tunggal
Bukit Cheruh, Ipoh
1996 Gua Tempurung
2001 Tmn Rawang Perdana
2003 Bukit Lanjan
2004 Gunung Bercham, Ipoh

15. Kompleks Gelinciran Tanah Kundasang
KBN
Pekan K4 SK K6

16. Evidence of ground instability

17. Status
The entire Kundasang highland area is experiencing aggravated threats from landslides. Large portions of residential areas sit on this landslide complex that is slowly moving.
As a result of this the local community is faced with the problems of social insecurity, economic hardship and environmental degradation.
Because of the large size, individual dwellers, while aware of local ground instability, were not aware of the landslide extent and the threat it poses.

18. Amaran Awal dan Kawalan
Langkah Jangka Pendek
Kenalpasti zon berisiko tinggi
Langkah baikpulih kejuruteraan
Langkah bukan kejuruteraan
Sistem komunikasi penduduk tempatan – agensi berkepentingan
Langkah Jangka Panjang
Pendidikan dan kesedaran awam
Perubahan guna tanah – pembangunan semula
Kawalan pergerakan terintegrasi
Unit pengurusan dan pemantauan gelinciran

19. Landslide Hazard Map
Zon bahaya di sekitar kawasan petempatan padat terutamanya:
Pasar & Pekan Kundasang
SMK Kundasang
Kg. Lembah Permai
Kg. Sinisian
Kg. Dumpiring
SK Kundasang

20. Governance Framework
Stakeholder involvement – participation in decision making and planning processes
Innovative governance structures – there is a need to review current systems, processes, procedures and instruments for mountain governance
Incorporated ecosystem approach – the ecosystem approach in planning, managing, developing and monitoring mountain ecosystems
Balancing the needs of conservation and development – the balancing of the needs for economic and social development and ecosystem capacity must be given greater consideration
Assessment and monitoring measures – there should exist a system that allows for regular monitoring and assessment

21. Tsunami 26.12.04 in Malaysia localities Estimated death toll: 68
Kota Kuala Muda, Kedah  12
Penang  52
Langkawi  1
Tg.Piandang, Perak  2
Sabak Bernam, Sgor  1
Missing bodies: 3
The bodies of three brothers from Penang have yet to be found
(The Star, April 6, 2005).

22. Houses destroyed by tsunami

23. Lessons Learned
The need for a disaster management response, i.e. Early Warning System to be installed, 15 minute warning
Mangrove conservation: mangrove along the coast exposed to extensive erosion and intrusion. No development in mangrove sanctuaries
Cooperation and coordination among government agencies, NGOs, community and private sector in disaster response
Reconstruction plans should look at the needs of the victims, i.e. housing schemes for fishermen’ way of life
Public Awareness and education: Informing citizens on how to deal with a disaster
Development/settlement along the coastline need further assessment to ensure safety
Current guidelines for disaster management need to include tsunami related damage and impacts
Governance for Disaster Management: need for clear guidelines, role of media in early warning, role of lead agency, coordination with private sector, NGO, JKKK, religious institutions…..

24. Disaster Management and Prevention – Issues
Public Awareness and Education
Information Availability
Coordination and Clarification of Roles and Responsibilities
Integrated Approach to Hazards and Risk Management
Prevention & Minimising Impacts
Disaster Management

25. Promote training and education – formal & informal
Disaster Management and Prevention – Capacity Building & Research Requirements
Promote training and education – formal & informal
Introduce retraining – practitioners
Enhance technical knowledge
Conduct state-of-the-art & participatory action research
Bridge gaps in the science-governance interface
Strengthen institutional arrangements
Promote stakeholder and public participation
***Is there need for a dedicated institution?***

26. Identify, assess and monitor risks and enhance early warning.
Disaster Management and Prevention – The Hyogo Framework Action ( ) – Priorities for Action
Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation.
Identify, assess and monitor risks and enhance early warning.
Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels.
Reduce the underlying risk factors.
Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.

27. Disaster Management and Prevention – First Session of The Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction: 5-7 June 2007
Primary multi-stakeholder forum for all parties involved in disaster risk reduction.
Assess progress in the implementation of the Hyogo Framework and ISDR action
Calls for greater access to earth science skills for developing countries; including mapping of high risk areas.
UNFCCC Secretariat: disaster risk reduction is represented in the adaptation discourse of the climate change negotiations.

28. Thank you. Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia