1. AND EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE MAY 23, 2014 REBECCA LEE, DNP, CRNA
ADVANCED RESEARCH
AND EVIDENCED BASED PRACTICE
MAY 23, 2014
REBECCA LEE, DNP, CRNA
BARRY UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES

3. Literature Review: Searching and Writing the Evidence
Chapter Six
Literature Review: Searching and Writing the Evidence

4. Similarieits and differences - - a big thing

5. What is a Literature Review?
Written analytical summary of research finding on a topic of interest
Comprehensive compilation of what is known about a phenomenon
Purpose – assess the evidence
Clear identification of the topic of interest important

6. Purpose of the Review
Identifies a research problem and how it can be studied
Helps clarify and determine the importance
Identifies what is known
Identifies gaps in the knowledge
Provides examples
Provides evidence of the importance of the problem
Identifies theoretical frameworks and conceptual models
Identifies experts in the field
Identifies research designs and methodologies
Provides a context for analysis

7. The Process Happens early in the process (quantitative)
Can happen at the end (qualitative)
Summarization of the literature usually follows the research problem/question
Sets the stage for the study

8. Conducting a Search Seek the help of a professional librarian
Research idea
Brainstorm about an idea
Other articles can provide suggestions for the next step
Research question
Helps to be curious about topic
Reading is great source for ideas
Does not have to be etched in stone
“End Note” – an app that allows you to export your bibliography

9. Database or Search Engine
Search engines – Google/Yahoo/Bing
Take you to the information
Help you retrieve accessible information
Database i.e.MEDLINE
Organized body of related information
Arranged for speed of access and retrieval
Storage location like a library
Two types – bibliographic and fulltext
“Search Engine is a collection of software programs”
“a database “

10. Possible Databases used in Nursing
MEDLINE
CINAHL
Cochrane Library
Nursing & Health Sciences
Nursing Journal
PsycINFO
AID search
EBSCOhost

11. Basics of Searching
Identify concepts from the research question to focus the search
Determine any synonyms for identified concepts (search terms)
Combine search strategies
AND = reduces the number of citations
OR = less restrictive

12. Key Information Textbooks can be helpful to provide a foundation
Determine the gaps in the literature and authors of major articles
More precise the search = fewer number of resources
More general the search = greater number of resources

13. Evaluating the Literature
Believe that you have analytical skills to base the evaluation upon
Look at the discussion section of article to see the limitations identified for the study
Driving force is to determine if the study supports the question identified and if any gaps are seen

14. Parts to review Purpose of the study Sample size and selection
Design of the study
Data collection procedures
Analysis of the data
Conclusion

15. Review areas Articles – Author’s credentials, citation information
Purpose – Helps to group similar type studies, organizes the material for later summarizing
Sample – Selection process, size of the sample
Method – Implementation of study, inclusion criteria, instruments or surveys used, data collection procedures, data analysis
Major Findings – Gaps noted, limitations, next step in the research process
An author should ALWAYS state the limitations of the study

16. Looking through research articles
ABSTRACT - Yes – you need to write an abstract in your Lit Review words
Should grab readers attention
INTRO/LIT Review – should also grab readers attention
PURPOSE – PICOT –
MeETHODOLOGY – the meat of reseearch study – define , sample size, how analyze, Chi Squared, T Tests, ettc
MAJOR FINDINGS
SUMMARTY
WORKS CITED – good way to find other aarticles

17. Creating a table helps with the synthesis of
information and organization of data

18. Writing the Literature Review
Not a summary of articles
Synthesis of information about the topic
Purpose – convince the reader about the need to do the study
Format can vary ()
Outlines are helpful to manage the amount of data to be organized
we do APA in this class, most medical research is done in AMA, in 3rd semester (cardio throacic) will switch to AMA
Put your topic in PICOT format
You abstract will be a brief summary/synopsis of your lit review

19. Writing the Literature Review
Proofread and spellcheck!!!
Be concise and specific
Look at power point slides for APA format under Unit 2 – how to phrase things

20. Understanding what a literature review is…
The purpose is to identify what is known and what is not known about a topic. Galvan (2006:72) captures the difference between an annotated bibliography and a literature review very well: "...in essence, like describing trees when you really should be describing a forest. In the case of a literature review, you are really creating a new forest, which you will build by using the trees you found in the literature you read."

21. Double check your writing!

22. Helpful Hints APA Style No more than 10 pages Don’t be quote happy
Synthesize
Use spell check
Review guidelines
Look at the examples under unit resources BB
I don’t mind PERLA – program to put
double check – glitches in PERLA that not APA 6th edition format – must be 6th edition format
No more than 10 pages
Review guidelines on Blackboard
dr Macans Lit Review
Just scroll down to her lit review

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24. Summary Points Foundation of the research proposal
Begins with a good literature search
Engage a professional librarian to help
Database searches using subject headings yield more precise information
Identify what is known and unknown about the topic
Identify gaps in the literature
Gaps in the literature should support the research question

25. Use PICOT format
Outcome
Time frame -

26. The Research Critique Process and the Evidence-Based Appraisal Process
Chapter Thirteen
The Research Critique Process and the Evidence-Based Appraisal Process
Save these for when you are in cardiothroacic

27. Definition of Critique
Critique is defined as a vital appraisal dealing with examples of art or literature; a decisive dialogue of a precise topic; the ability of analysis
Merriam-Webster Learner's Dictionary (2012): a “a careful judgment in which you give your opinion about the good and bad parts of something (such as a piece of writing or a work of art” (p. 1
Definition – a vital appraisal

28. Rationale for Doing a Research Critique
Immediate reaction to seek answers to critical questions in nursing practice
Mechanism to provide feedback for improvement
Allows for the advancement of the professional

29. Elements of a Research Critique
Purpose of a study
Design of the research
Literature review
Research question
Sample
Data collection process
Results
Recommendations
Purspope – always in the beginning
Desing - \quqat/qual
Quewstion – di author ansqwe
Process – qui sacaure, anova, ttest

30. Process for Doing a Critique
Read the entire study carefully
Examine the organization and presentation
Make a photocopy of the article to allow highlighting
Identify terms you don’t understand and look them up
Identify the strengths and limitations but be objective
Print out and highlight
Strengths and limitatons – very importatnt

31. Critically Assessing Knowledge for Clinical Decision-making
Fundamental importance for implementation of evidence-based practice.
Research critique should be tempered by clinical expertise.
Must be a systematic process to ensure completeness.
Dependent & Independent vaiable
Independednt = what you measure
Dependent = outcome
Can be two pages – doesn’t have to be long

32. Decisively Evaluating Quantitative Evidence
Slightly easier to do since quantitative research design tends to be more concrete.
Usual section – introduction, literature review, hypothesis (es), sampling, research design, statistical testing, and discussion
Conceptual framework principle aspect for this type
**** Quantitative = numbers
Generally a conceptual framework

33. Decisively Evaluating Qualitative Evidence
Slightly different focus
Must discuss researcher-participant relationship
Ethical consideration
Data collection and management
Data analysis which allows for audit of process
Anonimity is common ethical consideration
Data collection and management – importatn part of wualitatiove

34. Decisively Evaluating Mixed Evidence
Embraces both quantitative and qualitative aspects
Rationale for utilization of this method must be provided
Quantitative data discussion usually provided followed by qualitative data but can be in any order
Discussion section must bring both data results together for an integration of the recommendations.
Don’t pick a mixed study – may be too complex – stick with straight quant oe qual study
Quant will be easier

35. The Evidence-based Appraisal
Expert Opinion
When there is no definitive data available
May be expressed in books, conferences, forums, reports or even from expert clinicians in practice
Data internal to an organization
Quality Improvement (QI)/Quality Assurance (QA)
Necessary to provide nurses with knowledge to improve their nursing practice through expert opinion and internal data

36. Summary Points Essential to Evidence Based practice
Nine different types of critiques
Series of questions guide critiques
Journal articles have restrictions on length, etc
Critique skills developed by repetition
Eight general areas of a research study
Don’t need to be a statistician to do a critique
Quantitative critiques differ from qualitative critiques
Evidence-based appraisals may include evidence from sources other than research

37. Look

38. This is under blackboard