1. US History September 10, 2014 Warm up: Running water, electricity, typewriter, sewing machine, telephone…which one are you most thankful for and why? DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

2. 2 On a personal note… Watch the movie. After viewing, please describe in 3 or more sentences how Colorado Springs is connected to US history. “mel’s movies” palmer DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history. 2

3. Railroad Workers Irish immigrants from the East Coast, Chinese from the West 6 miles a day built was good, the record was 10 Transcontinental met at Promontory Summit, UT, Stanford was there DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

4. Self Check: Question on the left-hand side, answer on the right. May have to look at yesterday’s notes What types of obstacles did the RR have in the late 1800s to overcome in order to build extensively and conduct business well? No “standard” track width (gauge); no agreed upon signals; brakes were not trustworthy DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

5. Issues for the traveler CINDERS!; dirty; noisy; uncomfortable What helped? Steel rails, standard gauges; signals and airbrakes Sometimes towns created by RR owner so he could make a profit Timezones created in 1883 because of scheduling issues DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

6. On the left: Name one town created by a RR owner in Colorado Durango Alamosa Colorado Springs DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

7. Impact of RR Lowers shipping cost: example- barrel of flour in 1865: $3.45; in 1895: $0.68 Less need on water (H2O): canals, turnpikes, steam powered ships, they cost more for long distances and aren’t as efficient DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

8. 5 Reasons to Railroads 1. faster/more practical: not limited by geography as much or weather, travel at higher speeds, take large items in bigger quantities 2. Lower cost of production: raw materials at cheaper rates=more created for less $ in less time 3. DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

9. 3. Creates National market, not limited to regional/local 4. Big business model: first time a company needs to be managed nation-wide; creates a “manager” and special departments 5. Stimulated other industries, created even more jobs! 6. DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

10. Self Check: write down all of these that ARE true, one is not- leave it out of your notes 1. RR transport a greater quantity than ships. 2. RR create a nationwide market 3. RR make shipping by water obsolete 4. RR promoted the growth of other businesses and industry. 5. DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

11. Self Check: write down all of these that ARE true, one is not- leave it out of your notes 1. RR transport a greater quantity than ships. 2. RR create a nationwide market 3. RR make shipping by water obsolete 4. RR promoted the growth of other businesses and industry. 5. DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

12. Bessemer Process Before this process, iron was used for RR and building frames Kelly in KY also came up with it, but Bessemer patented it (got dibs) This is an easier and cheaper way to add carbon to iron, take away impurities and create steel in mass production (large quantities)! DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

13. Why does steel rock? Lighter Stronger More flexible **Make a quick advertisement in your notes for steel being preferred over iron** DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

14. Self Check: Question on the left: How did Bessemer make steel more affordable? Easier and cheaper to make with his efficient process and in mass production DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

15. What’s made with steel that we see now? -Frames for Buildings -Elevators -Skyscrapers -RR tracks And…

16. Brooklyn Bridge: can get there regardless of ferry being stopped in wind and ice

17. Brooklyn Bridge Roebling: German immigrant! Had an accident and died 6 months in Son took over and became bedridden because of decompression sickness after diving to check on foundations Explosions, fires… finally! 5/24/1883 DOK: 1-2; S. 3; LT: I can describe how Colorado Springs is connected to United States history.

18. Final “problem” Cost $18Million to build Day 1: 150,300 crossed on foot at 1c charge; 1800 vehicles crossed at 5c charge How much revenue was generated? What percentage of the construction cost was this revenue? How long would it take to “pay it off”?