1. One-mole Amounts

2. Periodic Table

3. Group 1A: Alkali Metals Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs Solids at room temp Reactive React with water to produce hydrogen and alkaline solutions. Found in nature only in compounds, not as free element.

4. Group 1A: Alkali Metals Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs Cutting sodium metal Reaction of potassium + H 2 O

5. Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra React similarly to alkali metals with water (except Be) Occur inC nature only as compounds Abundance: Ca – 5 th Mg – 7 th Calcium carbonate – limestone, coral, marble, chalk, sea shells Radium – radioactive, medicinal use

6. Magnesium Magnesium oxide Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra

7. Group 3A: B, Al, Ga, In, Tl Aluminum most important; abundant in Earth’s crust B only metalloid, the rest are metals

8. Group 3A: B, Al, Ga, In, Tl Al resists corrosion (here in nitric acid). Gallium is one of the few metals that can be liquid at room temp. CuAl

9. Gems & Minerals Sapphire: Al 2 O 3 with Fe 3+ or Ti 3+ impurity gives blue whereas V 3+ gives violet.Sapphire: Al 2 O 3 with Fe 3+ or Ti 3+ impurity gives blue whereas V 3+ gives violet. Ruby: Al 2 O 3 with Cr 3+ impurityRuby: Al 2 O 3 with Cr 3+ impurity

10. Group 4A: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Form oxides of the form XO 2 Carbon – in living organisms –Has different elemental forms: allotropes Diamond, Graphite, Buckyballs Silicon oxides – clay quartz, gems

11. Group 4A: C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Quartz, SiO 2 Diamond

12. Group 5A: N, P, As, Sb, Bi Nitrogen (N 2 ) – 75% of the atmosphere –In proteins, DNA, chlorophylls –Ammonia, NH 3 Phosphorous - can glow in the dark –In DNA and RNA –Red and White allotropes Red – match tips White – ignites spontaneously so stored under water

13. Group 5A: N, P, As, Sb, Bi White and red phosphorus Ammonia, NH 3

14. Group 6A: O, S, Se, Te, Po Oxygen – 20% of the atmosphere –Powers most life on Earth Sulfur –In proteins –Burning sulfur – brimstone

15. Group 6A: O, S, Se, Te, Po Sulfuric acid dripping from snot-tite in cave in Mexico Elemental S has a ring structure.

16. Group 7A: Halogens F, Cl, Br, I, At Non-metals Exist as diatomic molecules –F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2 –F 2, Cl 2, Br 2 gases at room temperature –I 2 solid –At rare –React with alkali metals to form “salts”

17. Group 7A: Halogens F, Cl, Br, I, At

18. Group 8A: Noble Gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn Least reactive –Some have no known compounds Helium – produces by fusion of hydrogen in the sun

19. Group 8A: Noble Gases He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn

20. Transition Elements All metals Most found in compounds Silver, gold, platinum less reactive and found as pure elements Lanthanides & Actinides Not very abundant Uranium is highest atomic number that occurs naturally. Those with greater atomic number are man made and often have short lifetime.

21. Transition Elements Lanthanides and actinides Iron in air gives iron(III) oxide

22. Colors of Transition Metal Compounds Iron Cobalt Nickel CopperZinc