1. Unit 1: From Pre-History to Early Civilizations Chapter 1: Early Peoples of the World (Pages 2-9)

2. For our class: There are 8 “ Units ” in this book (about 1 month for each) There are 8 “ Units ” in this book (about 1 month for each) Each Unit has 3-5 “ Chapters ” (about 1 chapter a week) Each Unit has 3-5 “ Chapters ” (about 1 chapter a week) Each Chapter has 3-5 “ Sections ” (1 section each day) Each Chapter has 3-5 “ Sections ” (1 section each day)

3. Let ’ s look at pages 2 and 3 in your book Why does the start of each chapter have a time line? Why does the start of each chapter have a time line? Why is there a map on the top right of the start of each Chapter? Why is there a map on the top right of the start of each Chapter? Is there anything you should read on this page? Is there anything you should read on this page? What else on that page looks like it could be useful? What else on that page looks like it could be useful?

4. Now: let ’ s look at page 4 Now: let ’ s look at page 4 Most people skip over the parts which will help them the most. Most people skip over the parts which will help them the most. Right under the title are the MAIN IDEAS of the section. Right under the title are the MAIN IDEAS of the section. On the left are: “ Terms to Know ” often words that may be new or unfamiliar to you). On the left are: “ Terms to Know ” often words that may be new or unfamiliar to you). What else SHOULD you look at in each section (before you start to read? What else SHOULD you look at in each section (before you start to read?

5. Let ’ s start on Section I: Prehistoric Time (Pages 2-9) This section is about: This section is about: How archeological discoveries led scientists to believe that human pre-history began in Africa. How archeological discoveries led scientists to believe that human pre-history began in Africa. How some groups of pre-historic humans developed tools. How some groups of pre-historic humans developed tools. How humans adapted to changing conditions in their environment. How humans adapted to changing conditions in their environment.

6. Pre-history: any period of time before things were “ recorded ” Pre-history: any period of time before things were “ recorded ” This never happened (people fighting dinosaurs)

7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geologic_time_scale

8. Archeologists: people who study the past Archeologists: people who study the past Items they find helps them figure out the past – even 6-7 million years ago – during the stone age. Items they find helps them figure out the past – even 6-7 million years ago – during the stone age. Modern technology has helped archeologists a lot: things like carbon-14 dating, ground sensors, and even space/satellite images. Modern technology has helped archeologists a lot: things like carbon-14 dating, ground sensors, and even space/satellite images.

9. Early humans Early humans When scientists looked for early humans, they looked in Africa. When scientists looked for early humans, they looked in Africa. These scientists were “ anthropologists ” – people who study humans and their characteristics These scientists were “ anthropologists ” – people who study humans and their characteristics

10. Two of these anthropologists were Louis and Mary Leaky - they found a “ hominid ” fossil as much as 4.5 million years old (the oldest “ human-like ” fossil found). Two of these anthropologists were Louis and Mary Leaky - they found a “ hominid ” fossil as much as 4.5 million years old (the oldest “ human-like ” fossil found). Their son found another – “ homo-habilis ” – about 1.8 million years old. Their son found another – “ homo-habilis ” – about 1.8 million years old. And, another man found “ Lucy ” – a skeleton about 3 million years old – an Australopithecus hominid. And, another man found “ Lucy ” – a skeleton about 3 million years old – an Australopithecus hominid.

11. Anthropologists think… About 2.6 million years ago, people started using “ tools. ” About 2.6 million years ago, people started using “ tools. ” Humans are the only species on earth that uses tools – so that ’ s a pretty big thing. Humans are the only species on earth that uses tools – so that ’ s a pretty big thing. It ’ s the very start of human “ culture ” – a way of life that ’ s passed to the next generation. It ’ s the very start of human “ culture ” – a way of life that ’ s passed to the next generation.

12. Some other groups of hominids: Homo-erectus: first to use fire, hunt animals, cook food, fish (the men), and care for children, and hunt for nuts, fruits, and berries (the women). Homo-erectus: first to use fire, hunt animals, cook food, fish (the men), and care for children, and hunt for nuts, fruits, and berries (the women). Also: began to migrate (move) to new places (food, warmth, safety). Also: began to migrate (move) to new places (food, warmth, safety). People who move around all the time can also be called (nomads) People who move around all the time can also be called (nomads)

15. Another…Homo-Sapiens: two groups of hominids Neanderthals: Neanderthals: Early homo sapiens Early homo sapiens Lived about 70,000 BC Lived about 70,000 BC They knew how to hunt, use stone and wood tools, and lives mostly in caves, and maybe even played some music. They knew how to hunt, use stone and wood tools, and lives mostly in caves, and maybe even played some music. No one really know why they disappeared, but maybe during an ice age. No one really know why they disappeared, but maybe during an ice age. Cro-Magnons: Cro-Magnons: May have competed with Neanderthals for food. May have competed with Neanderthals for food. Good toolmakers, hunters, and fishermen. Good toolmakers, hunters, and fishermen. Superior language skills Superior language skills By 8000 BC were very much like modern humans. By 8000 BC were very much like modern humans. Well known for their art (next slide) Well known for their art (next slide)

16. Cro-Magnon Art About 300 caves in Europe (France) have early paintings About 300 caves in Europe (France) have early paintings Also: some ivory, antler and stone “ sculptures ” Also: some ivory, antler and stone “ sculptures ” What might be reasons they made these paintings? (practical/artistic/other) What might be reasons they made these paintings? (practical/artistic/other)

17. And, some things which haven ’ t been explained yet (like Stonehenge)