1. + Welcome 9/23 AP Psych Starter: Get your BEST Experiment out Population: Complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn Operational Definition: a specification of how a researcher measures a research variable. This allows for replication – the repeating of an earlier study Random Sample: Everyone in your population has an equal chance of being selected Double Blind procedure both researcher and participant are ignorant about which participants have actually received a specific treatment (BEST) Placebo effect: inert substance that is presumed to have medicinal benefits

2. + BEST Experiment Experimental condition: This allows up to exercise maximum control over the factors we are interested in studying (BEST). The experimenter manipulates factors to produce a particular behavior Control Condition; In order to provide a baseline against which they can evaluate the effects of (BEST) experimenter will use a control group Random Assignment: Each individual in random sample has an equal chance of being assigned to either group. Independent Variable: The variable being manipulated- BEST Dependent Variable: The variable being measured-Cavities

3. + BEST Experiment Only means by which cause and effect can be established Allows for control of variables Can be replicated An experiment is not typical of real life situations Behavior may be limited because of lab setting Demand Characteristics: cues that convey to the participant the purpose of the experiment Confounding variables-an extraneous variable whose presence affects the variables being studied so that the results you get do not reflect the actual relationship between the variables under investigation. BenefitsLimits

4. + American Psychological Association Ethics 1. Obtain informed consent 2. Protect from harm or discomfort 3. Participant confidentiality 4. Explain research to the participants after the study has been completed

5. + Statistical terms Mean – Average of #s. Most likely to effected by a couple of outlier scores Mode- # repeated most often Median- The middle # Range: the difference between the highest and lowest scores in distribution Standard Deviation – arithmetic average of the distribution of scores - measure of the degree of variation amount a set of events Correlation Coefficient: statistical measure most helpful for indicating strength of a relationship (+1 perfect positive, -1 perfect negative

6. + Some things to make sure your review Definition of psychology False consensus Illusory correlation - and + correlation W. James W. Wundt J. Watson Psychology vs Psychiatry Schools of psychology Behaviorism Evolutionary Cognitive Humanistic Psychodynamic Social Cultural Neurobiological