1. The American Revolution
Birth of the American Republic

2. Glorious Revolution & Impact on American Revolution
England became a limited monarchy with the signing of English Bill of Rights
As British citizens, the American colonists felt they were not being treated as full citizens, having limited representation in Parliament

3. Thomas Paine: Common Sense

4. The 13 English Colonies
Parliament passed the Navigation Acts to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing under mercantilist* policies.
*The colonial economy should be carefully controlled by Britain to make sure that the mother country’s economic power continues to grow
Colonists shared common values, respect for individual enterprise, and a growing self-confidence…Their own identity separate from Britain.

5. Growing Discontent
“No taxation without Representation”…What does this mean?
“Boston Massacre”
Boston Tea Party: The British closed the port of Boston until damages were paid and order restored
Continental Congress

6. How does this cartoon suggest Franklin’s attitude toward colonial involvement in the war?

7. The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770)
How does this engraving show how the colonists felt about the British troops?
By Paul Revere

8. Boston Tea Party (1773)

9. Declaring Independence
George Washington in command of the Continental Army
Second Continental Congress voted to declare independence from Britain
Thomas Jefferson was the chief author of the Declaration of Independence, which reflects the ideas of John Locke

10. Declaration of Independence (1776)

11. The Declaration of Independence
Reflects Enlightenment ideas of John Locke (pg 461)
Emphasized the principle of Popular Sovereignty
Listed the colonists grievances against Britain
What were the grievances that led American colonists to write the Declaration of Independence?

12. 10 Grievances of the Declaration of Independence
King George is not agreeing to pass laws for the good of the people
He is not allowing his Governors to pass laws unless he agrees to them, but he is ignoring them.
He has gotten rid of Representative houses for opposing the king’s attacks on peoples’ rights
He has made judges dependent on him.
He has kept a large standing army among the colonists

13. 10 Grievances of the Declaration of Independence
6. He made the military superior to the civil government 7. He quartered troops in the colonists home without their consent 8. He imposed taxes without the consent of the colonists 9. He deprived some colonists trial by jury 10. He refused colonists permission for a redress of grievances

14. The Revolution
Disadvantages
Advantages
1/3 of the colonists were loyalists, those who supported Britain
Britain had professional soldiers, a huge fleet, and plentiful money
Continental Congress had few military resources and little money to pay its soldiers
Colonists were fighting on there own soil for their farms and towns
They controlled the country side
Colonists were fighting for INDEPENDENCE

15. The British Are Coming . . .
Paul Revere & William Dawes make their midnight ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British soldiers.

16. The Shot Heard ’Round the World! Lexington & Concord – April 18,1775

17. The Battles (pg 462) First two battles: Lexington and Concord
Turning point: The Battle of Saratoga = Colonists gain French support
British commander, Cornwallis, surrenders at the Battle of Yorktown
Treaty of Paris

18. Saratoga: “Turning Point” A modern-day re-enactment

19. Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:
“The World Turned Upside Down!”
Painted by John Trumbull, 1797

20. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation
A unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law].
13 out of 13 to amend.
Representatives were frequently absent.
Could not tax or raise armies.
No executive or judicial branches.

21. A New Constitution (pg 463)
Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau
Created a Federal Republic: power divided between the federal government and state government
Separation of powers: legislative, executive, and judicial
Checks and balances
Bill of Rights

22. US CONSTITUTION: An Enlightenment Document
ENLIGHTENMENT IDEA
John Locke – a government’s power come from the consent of the people
US CONSTITUTION
Preamble begins “ We the people…”
creates representative government
limits government powers

23. US CONSTITUTION: An Enlightenment Document
ENLIGHTENMENT IDEA
Montesquieu – separation of powers
US CONSTITUTION
federal system of government
powers divided among three branches
system of checks and balances

24. US CONSTITUTION: An Enlightenment Document
ENLIGHTENMENT IDEA
Rousseau – direct democracy
Voltaire – free speech, religious toleration
US CONSTITUTION
public election of president and Congress
Bill of Rights provides for freedom of speech and religion

25. Limited Freedom
White males who met certain property requirements could vote

26. Looking Ahead
Constitution of the United States created the most progressive government of its day
Enlightenment ideas that sparked the American Revolution will bring changes in Europe