1. Carbon: The Building Block of Organic Compounds
4/22/2017

2. All life as we know it is made up of organic compounds.

3. Today’s Lesson What does that word mean- “organic”???
What does that word mean- “compound”???

4. Atoms are the smallest unit that make up the chemical elements
Atoms are the smallest unit that make up the chemical elements. Things that we can see and feel around us are made up of atoms.

5. Atoms can get lonely…
A molecule is created when two or more atoms meet and chemically bond together.
Examples: H2 (hydrogen), O2 (oxygen), O3 (ozone)
A molecule can be called a compound if it has at least 2 different kinds of atoms that meet and chemically bond together.
Examples: H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide)

6. Single Atom
Water Molecule
Compound
Glucose/Sugar Molecule
Compound

7. Organic compounds always have carbon plus a few other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur.

8. Remember CHON-P’s Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen - Phosphorous ‘
Sulfur

9. There are organic compounds that make up you
There are organic compounds that make up you!- your hair, your skin, even your fingernails…

10. CO2 H2O C6H12O6 What do you know about… All are formulas
All are compounds
All contain elements
All contain atoms
Are any of these compounds organic?
If so, how do you know?

11. In order for a compound to be organic…
It must have carbon and at least one of the following elements: ~ Hydrogen - H ~ Oxygen - O ~ Phosphorous - P ~ Sulfur - S ~ Nitrogen - N There are exceptions – example: Carbon Dioxide contains carbon and oxygen, but is not considered to be organic.

12. FORMULA SORT Sulfur Dioxide - SO2 Amphetamine - C9H13N
Using the list of formulas projected, create a T-Chart labeled Organic and Inorganic. Highlight or circle the element(s) that make it organic
Sulfur Dioxide - SO2
Amphetamine - C9H13N
Acetone - CH3COCH3
Ozone - O3
Hydrogen Peroxide - H2O2
Epinephrine - C9H13NO3
Formaldehyde - CH2O
Nitric Acid - HNO3
Gold Oxide - Au2O3
Butane - C4H10

14. Why is carbon such a special element?

15. Virtually every part of our bodies is made with large amounts of this element.

16. Why is carbon such a special element?
Each carbon atom can form strong, stable bonds with four other atoms at a time – these are usually oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus atoms.
Carbon can also bond to other carbon atoms to form chains that are almost unlimited in length.
This creates a huge number and variety of molecules that can be built from carbon atoms. No other element even comes close! 16

17. This can be difficult to imagine at first, but it may help to think about building with LEGOS.

18. Think of red LEGOS to represent atoms of carbon
Think of red LEGOS to represent atoms of carbon. You can think of carbon as a bunch of red LEGOS attached together to form one long chain.

19. Now, you can stick yellow, blue and green LEGOS across the tops of the red (carbon) LEGOS.
These other colors represent other elements like oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen.

20. As you stick more and more of these yellow, blue and green LEGOS to the red chain, it would start to look like a skeleton of LEGOS with a "spine" of red LEGOS and "bones" of yellow, blue and green LEGOS.
This is a lot like the way that big molecules are made in the body. Without carbon, these big molecules could not be built.

21. Virtually every part of your body is made up of these large molecules that are based around chains of carbon atoms.

22. Organic Building Blocks
Hydrocarbons are the simplest of the organic compounds. As the name suggests, hydrocarbons are made from hydrogen and carbon.
EXAMPLES:
CH4

23. Organic Building Blocks
The name, carbohydrates, is a good one because it indicates carbon and water (hydrogen and oxygen).
Remember, dehydrated means loss of water, and to be hydrated means to add water.

24. Organic Building Blocks
Lipids (oils and fats) are another class of organic compounds built from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. It's amazing what these three elements can build!

25. Organic Building Blocks
Amino acids are the building block for proteins.
Proteins are made by connecting amino acids together.

26. Organic Building Blocks
A few amino acids are built by carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
Mammals need about 20 amino acids to make the proteins they need. Only 2 of these are amino acids containing sulfur.

27. Organic Building Blocks
We will end our organic building blocks with the ultimate of building block- DNA.
We need just one more element to build it: phosphorus.

28. Organic Building Blocks Review
Hydrocarbons= hydrogen + carbon
Carbohydrates and Lipids = hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
Amino Acids and Proteins = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
Some Amino Acids and Proteins = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur
Nucleic Acids = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus

29. Remember CHON-P’s Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen - Phosphorous ‘
Sulfur

30. Quick Question… What are the atoms that make up organic compounds?
5/13/2010
TISD Lesson

31. Remember CHON-P’s Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen - Phosphorous ‘
Sulfur