1. OBJECTIVE  You will be able to summarize the goals of the reform era movements. DO FIRST  If all children in America did not have access to a public education, how might our society look different? Explain in 3 sentences.  How would your life be different if you were not able to get a free education? Explain in 3 sentences.

2.  What was life like for people who didn’t have access to education in America?  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EACoIbo kOcc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EACoIbo kOcc

3.  Fill in your guided notes as we discuss the time period known as “The Era of Reform”!

4.  After witnessing the negative effects of the Industrial Revolution and the free enterprise system, many Americans wanted to change and improve society.

5.  The time period from 1820 to 1850 was known as the Era of Reform. To reform society means to change it and make it better than it was before!

6.  During the colonial period, colonists experienced the First Great Awakening. This movement encouraged colonists to become more enthusiastic about their religion and encouraged colonists to think independently about the purpose of their government.

7.  Eventually, this First Great Awakening was a religious movement that helped inspire colonists to rebel against the tyrannical King George.

8.  Almost 100 years later, Americans experienced a Second Great Awakening during the 1820’s.

9.  This was another religious movement that inspired Americans to believe that helping the poor and improving society would help them get a spot in heaven in the afterlife.

10.  Almost 100 years later, Americans experienced a Second Great Awakening during the 1820’s.  This was another religious movement that inspired Americans to believe that helping the poor and improving society would help them get a spot in heaven in the afterlife.  Preachers and priests told the people that if they helped the needy in society, God would forgive their sins. Christians started to believe that, through charity and reform, they could build “heaven on earth.”

11.  What motivates you or encourages you to help people in need?

12.  The first movement to improve society started with education and a man named Horace Mann. Horace Mann is remembered as “the father of public schools.”

13.  In the early 1800s, it was rare (uncommon) for children to attend formal school. Wealthy parents who could afford it would send their children to private schools.

14.  Children who were not wealthy would sometimes go to school for a few weeks of the year, but did not receive a good education—most children in the United States during this time did not attend school at all.

15.  In the cities, many children would take on jobs in the factories. Children who did not find work, but were living in poverty, would resort to crime and theft to survive.

16.  Reformers, like Horace Mann, argued that if these children had a chance to receive an education, it would help them escape poverty and become better citizens.

17.  How would education help children escape poverty and become better citizens?

18.  New York state was the first to set up public elementary schools, using tax money to build these schools.

19.  Massachusetts, with the help of Horace Mann, also created a public school system throughout the state by using tax money to build schools and to train and pay the teachers.

20.  New York state was the first to set up public elementary schools, using tax money to build these schools.  Massachusetts, with the help of Horace Mann, also created a public school system throughout the state by using tax money to build schools and to train and pay the teachers.  By 1850, many states in the North and West had embraced Mann’s ideas of public education. Soon, most white children, especially boys, attended free public schools.

21.  But America at this time still did not offer education to all children—most schools and colleges did not admit girls or African-Americans. When schools did try to allow blacks to attend school, they were attacked and shut down.

22.  It would take another 100 years before American schools would open their doors to women and African- Americans.

23.  Why do you think it took so long before our schools opened up to women and African- Americans?

24.  As we watch the video on two other reform movements (Abolition and Women’s Rights), fill in the answers to the questions on your notes page!  http://kipp.betterlesson.com/unit/16780/refor m-era-and-a-nation- divided?from=search#/document/302299/tlc _elementary_school__american_diversity_- asf?&_suid=1359070077823060962200936715 52 http://kipp.betterlesson.com/unit/16780/refor m-era-and-a-nation- divided?from=search#/document/302299/tlc _elementary_school__american_diversity_- asf?&_suid=1359070077823060962200936715 52

25.  Imagine you were a reformer during the 1820’s. You will be assigned one of the 4 movements we discussed:  1: The Second Great Awakening  2: The Education Reform Movement  3: Women’s Rights Movement  4: The Abolition Movement

26.  Each person at your table will create a separate poster.  Read through the directions silently!