1. APA, 5 th Edition Made Easy How A Scholarly Paper Should Look By Freda Turner, Ph.D. Updated 11/2002 Fturner@email.uophx.edu UOP

2. Basics Font: Courier, Times New Roman, 12 point Margins, 1.0 all around- ragged right margin left margin can be l.5 inches if instructor has requested the paper to be bound. Everything is double spaced – this includes quotes and reference page.

3. Title Page Page numbers start with title page by setting header feature of your software. Header includes 2 or 3 words from title, then 5 spaces and page number. See example of Title Page on next slide. See example of a title page on the next slide.

4. Title Page Page numbers start with title page by setting header feature of your software. Header includes 2 or 3 words from title, then 5 spaces and page number. See example of Title Page on next slide. See example of a title page on the next slide.

5. Title page 1 Running head: YOUR TITLE Appropriate Title Your name University of Phoenix See example on page 306 of APA handbook, 5 th edition

7. Text pages Title of paper is centered on first page of text. All paragraphs are indented 5-7 spaces Everything is double spaced Must have at least 2 lines of a paragraph at the bottom of the page and 2 at the top of the page.

8. 2 2 Easy Rules on Quotes 1. Short quotes with fewer than 40 words are incorporated into text and enclosed by quotation marks. Example: “Approximately 27% of the workforce displays poor emotional intelligence” (Miele, 1993, p. 276). (Publication Manual, 2001, p. 118)

9. Block Quote over 40 words Miele (1993) found the following: The ‘placebo effect,’ which had been The ‘placebo effect,’ which had been verified in previous studies disappeared when verified in previous studies disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner. behaviors were studied in this manner. The behaviors were not exhibited again The behaviors were not exhibited again even when real drugs were given. (p. 40) even when real drugs were given. (p. 40)

10. Electronic Quotes Documents retrieved from the Internet should include Internet source, document title, date retrieved (URL or uniform resource locator). Remember, properly cited sources add to the researcher’s credibility. Electronic Example: As Myers (2000, para. 5) aptly phrased it, “positive emotions are great.”

11. Citations (Cheek & Turner, 1981, p. 332) (Jones, 1989, chap. 3) (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5) (Bow, 2000, Summary section, para. 1)

12. Reference or References Reference page follows text and references must be discussed and cited in text. If you have 5 references listed on your reference page, you must have citations in the text.

13. Watch reference indentations! Double space references. First line is flush left with remaining lines of reference indented 5 spaces Next slide provides an example

14. Example 4 References Elkind, D. (1978). The child's reality: Three developmental themes. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Issac, G. (1995). Is solar disorder timed? Adolescents, 30 (118), 273-276. -

15. No Author Reference Citation No Author Reference Citation Book, no author or editor: Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10 th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: (10 th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Note references are flush left with 2 nd & 3 rd lines indented

16. No Author, Web Citation No Author, Web Citation Title of article. (1987). Retrieved from URL Title of article. (1987). Retrieved from URL _____ on 7/7/2002. _____ on 7/7/2002. Another example: History of South West Airlines. Retrieved ProQuest at UOP online on 7/7/2002. ProQuest at UOP online on 7/7/2002.

17. Electronic retrieved material Borman, W. C. (2001). Role of supervisor Borman, W. C. (2001). Role of supervisor Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. Retrieved October 23, 2002, from UOP Retrieved October 23, 2002, from UOP ProQuest data. ProQuest data. OR OR Jones, G. (2001). Role of reference elements. Prevention Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved Prevention Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved October 13, 2001 http://jbr.org/article.html October 13, 2001 http://jbr.org/article.html

18. Newspaper Article, Electronic version Hills, P. J. (1999, February 16). In Hills, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New York Times. people flunk out. New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2000, from Retrieved November 21, 2000, from http://www/nytimes.com. http://www/nytimes.com.

19. Computer Software Reference Miller, M. E. (1993). The Interactive Miller, M. E. (1993). The Interactive Tester (Version 4.0) [Computer Tester (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Westminter, CA: Psytek software]. Westminter, CA: Psytek Services. Services.

20. No Author/no Date Example Alphabetize works with no author by the first word in the title. Example: The new health-care lexicon. (1993, August/September). Health Care Today, 4, August/September). Health Care Today, 4, 1-2. 1-2. Or (NO AUTHOR, NO DATE) Document title or name of Web page. (n.d.) Or (NO AUTHOR, NO DATE) Document title or name of Web page. (n.d.) Retrieved [date] from [URL] Retrieved [date] from [URL]

21. Same Author Variables (see p. 221) arrange alphabetically by title Jones, J. R. (2001a). Control…. Jones, J. R. (2001a). Control…. Jones, J. R. (2001b). Roles of …. Jones, J. R. (2001b). Roles of ….

22. Same Authors, Different Year of Publication; list earliest publication first (see p. 220, APA, 5 th edition). Jones, J. R., & Wright, K. (2000). Jones, J. R., & Wright, K. (2000). Jones, J. R., & Wright, K. (2001). Jones, J. R., & Wright, K. (2001).

23. Common Knowledge Exception to the citation rule: Common knowledge–commonly known facts (e.g., Washington D.C. is the capital of the U.S.) does not need a citation even if one had to look up the data. When in doubt, CITE references and citations

24. Adding Emphasis If you want to emphasize a word or words, italicize them. Do not put them in quotations marks. If you want to emphasize a word or words, italicize them. Do not put them in quotations marks. Wrong: He is “politically correct.” Wrong: He is “politically correct.” Correct: He is politically correct. Correct: He is politically correct. Information on emphasis added to original presentation by Bette Keeling, PhD, RN, CNAA

25. Tables Table usually presents quantitative data and if included must be discussed in text and should be on the same page as discussed for reader ease. Everything is double spaced Number all tables with Arabic numbers (1,2,3), double space and add a clear title. Clarify where the copied table originated. Example that goes above your table: Table 1 Analysis of Grade Variance

26. Figures Each figure is numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Figures are photographs, drawings or non- quantitative data. Each figure must have a caption and is located at the top left. Example: Example: Figure 1. Gender Differences

27. Order of APA Pages Title page with header, title, byline and school name Abstract if required by professor Text pages-remember title Reference Page/s –get their own page

28. Common APA Felonies Failure to: Double space EVERYTHING Remember ragged right edge Quotes need 3 things (authors last name, year of publication and pg/para number, URL, chapter, etc.) References flush left for first line and never use author’s first name, only initials.

29. APA is easy What is new: Updates on: apastyle.org

30. Consequences of not citing is called Plagiarism

31. Roots of Plagiarism Roots of Plagiarism The word “plagiarism” is derived from a Latin word for manstealer, or kidnapper, and by extension literary thief.

32. Plagiarism is using another’s: Plagiarism is using another’s: Words/Facts Words/Facts Graphs/Charts Graphs/Charts Direct quotes Direct quotes

33. Alarming 2001 Statistics Alarming 2001 Statistics Rutgers survey of 4,500 high school students & 2,100 students at 21 colleges illustrates the issue: 74% admitted to some kind of cheating. 90% of students believe that cheaters are either never caught or have never been appropriately disciplined- - US News and World Report poll (Straw, 2002, para. 1)

34. How Universities are responding 1. Cornell students- take courses that define boundaries of academic integrity. 2. Colgate University and Kansas State University require plagiarism orientation sessions. 3. Trinity College – students sign integrity contract. 4. University of North Carolina: Established a Police Blotter of cheating incidents. 5. A June 2002 New Jersey Superior Court Judge upheld Princeton University.

35. University of Phoenix  University of Phoenix Academic Policy: Students are subject to disciplinary Students are subject to disciplinary actions for “intentionally or knowingly actions for “intentionally or knowingly representing the words or ideas of representing the words or ideas of another as one's own in an academic another as one's own in an academic exercise.” exercise.”

36. APA, 5 th Edition revised 11/2002 Send comments/recommendations to Dr. Freda Turner fturner@email.uophx.edu