1. By Tanner And Whitney

2.  The CPU of a computer does most of the work.  It changes information it takes out of the RAM  Uses input and output devices or software.

3.  It manages the hardware and the software resources of the system.  The CPU is in charge of distributing information.  Single user-single task  Single user-Multi Tasks.

4.  The first computers were considered calculating engines.  They did not run on Operating systems.  They ran slowly at took up entire rooms.  They needed a team to operate.  The calculating engines used vacuum tubes; that were easy to burning out or break.  Plug boards were programs inserted in the computer.  This took place most of the 1940’s-50’s

5.  Transistors were made in the mid 50’s.  Punched cards were used as programs now.  They were inserted into the computer; but There were two parts, an input, and an output. Two separate computers  Mostly used for scientific calculations and physics.  Introduced the batch system.

6.  The creation of the system/360.  An operating system was able to run both numerical and commercial computing.  However, this operating system had to be useful on all models of computers  Integrated circuits made it possible to run faster and reliably.  The system/360 took thousands of programmers and had many bugs that constantly needed fixing. Even if it introduced new bugs in the system.

7.  The system/360 was equipped with the power to run the CPU almost 100% of the time when previous machines spent 80- 90% of their CPU idle.  It was capable of multi-programming  There were so many glitches. And every new version came with different bugs.

8.  CP/M stood for Control Program for Micro Computers.  designed as a file manager. 8 Bit  TRS – DOS was made by Radio Shack in 1978.  Version one was a for testing purposes only.  Version 2 of TRS DOS was released to the public.  Had terrible bugs.  The worst bug was when it was written to a full disk, it destroyed the disk in the process.

9. The Apple dos was a Disk operating system. Wozniak Created the Brilliant Floppy Disk The Pascal Operating System was used in the apple 2.  The Apple CP/M operating system was possible because Microsoft Z-80

10.  When apple 3 was introduced in the 1980’s, the Apple SOS operating system was released.  It stored the operating system in the memory as well.  It used SOS interpreter and SOS drivers.

11.  Released in 1983  Had a sophisticated hierarchy file system.  Had support for 20 different file types.  Could have up to 8 files up at a time.  Multiple logical volumes on one physical volume  The volume directory was limited to 51 files.

12.  Microcomputers were born.  Windows 1.0 released in November of 1985.  It had a user interface that ran on MS-DOS.  Capable of running the first version of paint, notepad and a calculator.  More memory helped the windows 2.1 system in 1988. Capable of a multitasking interface.  MS-DOS helped connect software and Hardware.  DOS was released 1981.  Windows 1.0 was capable of using a mouse.

13.  On May 22 1990, windows 3.0 came out.  With 3.1 released in 1992  Together they sold 10 million copies in their first two years.  It came with advanced graphics with 16 colors.  Games like solitaire, minesweeper and hearts become standard with windows 3.  In 1993, windows NT was released after its 12 years of development.  It had a 32 bit processor capable of helping business and scientific needs.

14.  With the release of windows 95, it sold 7 million in the first 5 weeks.  Also around that time about 80% of the worlds computers run on windows operating systems or DOS.  In the summer of 1995, Internet Explorer is released.

15.  On June 25, 1998, a new consumer specific operating system is released.  It supported reading DVD discs and USB connections.  It was the Windows OP to be based off of MS -DOS  Windows 2000 was created

16.  First High programming language in 1960’s  Useful in multiple programming languages.  Was not successful at first.  To expensive and rushed.

17.  In 1968-69, Kenneth Thompson, Dennis Ritchie/AT&T Bell Labs made an alternative form of MULTICS called UNIX.  Written in C, (which was uncommon)  Berkeley developed a different version of it. BSD.  Used for single purpose-servers, research and hardware.

18.  In 1984, Richmond Stallman founded the Fee Software Foundation.  He created his own version of UNIX that could be freely distributed, and modified.

19.  Finland named Linus Torvalds created Linux  Combination of UNIX operating systems.  Released, August 25, 1991  23 years Linux has come a long way.