1. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 1 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany

2. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 2 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Chapter 15 Bleeding and Shock

3. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 3 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Objectives Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to: –Describe the cardiorespiratory system –List the components of the circulatory system –Explain how blood circulates throughout the body –Explain blood pressure and pulse 3

4. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 4 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Objectives (cont’d.) Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to (cont’d.): –Explain what is meant by standard precautions –Define the three basic types of bleeding –Explain the dangers associated with shock 4

5. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 5 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Cardiorespiratory System Includes functions of the heart, blood vessels, circulation, and gas exchange between the blood and atmosphere –Heart pumps blood through the body through pathways (e.g., arteries, veins, and capillaries) Blood is enriched with oxygen when it passes through lungs As oxygen enters the bloodstream, carbon dioxide leaves it (i.e., respiration) 5

6. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 6 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Circulatory System Course taken by blood through arteries, capillaries, and veins and back to the heart –Uses blood to transport dissolved materials throughout the body (e.g., oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste) 6

7. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 7 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Circulatory System (cont’d.) The heart –Two major circulations Each has its own pump Both pumps are incorporated into the heart Heart structure –Primarily a shell with four chambers inside 7

8. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 8 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Circulatory System (cont’d.) Blood –Only tissue that flows throughout the body –Carries oxygen and nutrients to all body parts –Transports waste products back to the lungs, kidneys, and liver for disposal 8

9. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 9 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Animation – The Blood Click Here to Play Blood Animation

10. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 10 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Circulatory System (cont’d.) Plasma –River in which blood cells travel –Makes up 55% of blood's total volume –Also carries nutrients, waste products, antibodies, clotting proteins, chemical messengers, and proteins 10

11. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 11 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Circulatory System (cont’d.) Red blood cells –Highly specialized cells –“Stripped” of everything that might get in the way of transporting oxygen Hemoglobin –Picks up oxygen in areas where it is abundant and releases it in tissues where oxygen is low 11

12. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 12 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Circulatory System (cont’d.) White blood cells –Five kinds: neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and basophils Platelets –Release agents to help initiate clotting and protect integrity of the vasculature 12

13. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 13 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Circulatory System (cont’d.) Blood vessels –Hollow tubes, running throughout the body, through which blood circulates –Types: Arteries Arterioles Veins Venules Capillaries 13

14. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 14 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Heart’s Conduction System Cardiac conduction system –Made up of specialized cells within heart muscle tissue Carries electrical signals to muscle cells throughout the heart Signals trigger muscles to contract and pump blood throughout the body 14

15. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 15 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Heart’s Conduction System (cont’d.) Blood pressure –Systolic Highest pressure Corresponds to ventricle contraction –Diastolic Lowest pressure Represents ventricle relaxation Pulse pressure –Difference between systolic and diastolic 15

16. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 16 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning The Heart’s Conduction System (cont’d.) Pulse –Rhythmical beating of the heart Target heart rate –Range of percentages of maximum heart rate safe to reach during exercise 16

17. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 17 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Animation – The Heart Click Here to Play Heart Animation

18. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 18 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Body Substance Isolation Protective equipment includes: –Sterile gloves –Protective eyewear –Surgical mask 18

19. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 19 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning OSHA Guidelines for Infectious Disease Control Centers for Disease Control and Prevention –Monitors outbreaks of infections –Advises on how to handle and control disease spread Standard precautions –Infection-control guidelines –Designed to protect workers from exposure to diseases spread by blood and bodily fluids 19

20. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 20 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Animation – Infection Control Click Here to Play Infection Control Animation

21. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 21 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Wound Care Principles: –Irrigate wound with clean, cool water –Gently wash with mild soap (superficial cuts) –All foreign particles must be removed or infection will result Minor cuts and abrasions should be washed, dried with a sterile gauze sponge, treated with a first-aid cream, and covered with a sterile bandage 21

22. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 22 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Wound Care (cont’d.) Proper bandaging and dressing of a wound will ensure proper healing and infection control Two primary types of dressings: –Gauze –Occlusive 22

23. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 23 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Bleeding Three basic types of bleeding: - Arterial - Venous - Capillary 23

24. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 24 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Shock Circulation system fails to send blood to all parts of the body Main types: –Hemorrhagic shock Loss of blood from an injury –Respiratory shock Lungs are unable to supply enough oxygen to blood 24

25. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 25 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Shock (cont’d.) Main types (cont’d.): –Neurogenic shock Loss of vascular control by the nervous system –Cardiogenic shock Inadequate functioning of the heart –Metabolic shock Severe loss of bodily fluids –Anaphylactic shock Severe allergic reaction 25

26. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 26 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Shock (cont’d.) Main types (cont’d.): –Septic shock Life-threatening reaction to a severe infection –Psychogenic shock Physiological response to fear, stress, or emotional crisis that causes the person to faint 26

27. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 27 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Shock (cont’d.) Signs and symptoms include: –Restlessness and anxiety, weak and rapid pulse, cold and clammy skin, profuse sweating, pale face or cyanotic (blue) around the mouth, shallow respirations, dull eyes with dilated pupils, thirst, nausea and vomiting, blood pressure that falls gradually and steadily, and loss of consciousness 27

28. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 28 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Shock (cont’d.) General care and treatment –Critical for the victim’s well-being –Follow general guidelines –Goal is to keep the victim from getting worse Proper care, and reassuring the victim, will help meet this objective 28

29. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 29 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Conclusion The cardiorespiratory system is responsible for the function of the heart, blood vessels, circulation, and breathing Anyone working with athletes must take preventive measures for protection against bloodborne pathogens and other diseases 29

30. © 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning 30 © 2011 Delmar, Cengage Learning Conclusion (cont’d.) There are three basic types of bleeding: arterial, venous, and capillary –All types require immediate care to prevent shock and infection 30