1. World History Chapter 14A
Church Reform and the Crusades

2. Age of Faith
The Church revival of this period began the “Age of Faith” (about 1000A.D.)
Three problems of the Church:
Priests were marrying
Simony-selling Church positions
Lay Investiture

3. Early Church Reforms Church reform begins at Cluny (910)
The Pope, is advised in this reform by the Curia (Counsel)
The Curia are advisors and acted as a court
The Pope extends his power throughout Europe by sending out diplomats
The Church provides social services such as caring for the poor and sick
The Church operated hospitals. This activity gains the trust and loyalty of the masses

4. Cluny

5. Friars
Dominicans-Founded by Dominic (Spanish priest), they emphasize the importance of study
Franciscans-Founded by St. Francis of Assisi (Italian). He treated all creatures as if they were his spiritual brothers and sisters

6. Friars

7. Religious Orders for Women
Women joined the Dominicans and Poor Clare's (Franciscan order for women) Women are not allowed to travel from place to place preaching

8. Cathedrals
Romanesque Style-Round arches and a heavy roof held up thick walls and pillars. They had tiny windows that let in little light
Gothic Style-Named after a Germanic tribe. Gothic cathedrals thrust upward as if reaching toward heaven. Light streamed in through huge stained-glass windows

9. Romanesque Style

10. Gothic Style

11. The Crusades Pope Urban II called for a crusade or “Holy War”
Their goal was to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks

12. Pope Urban II

13. Causes
Opportunity to get rid of quarrel-some knights who fought each other
Merchants profited by making cash loans to finance the Crusades
Merchants hoped to win control of key trade routes
Those who died were granted forgiveness of their sins and assured a place in heaven

14. The Four Crusades First Crusade-Jerusalem is captured
Second Crusade-Jerusalem is lost
Third Crusades-Jerusalem stays in Muslim control but Pilgrims are allowed to freely visit the city’s Holy Places
Fourth Crusade-Jerusalem stays in Muslim hands and Christians loot Constantinople

15. Men to Know
Louis IX-King of France that will lead the first crusade. He will be made a saint after his death by the Catholic Church
Frederick I (Barbarossa)-German King that will drown on the way to the Crusades
Richard the Lion-Hearted-English King that will fight the Muslim leader Saladin to a standstill and make a treaty to open Jerusalem to pilgrims (Third Crusade)
Saladin-Muslim leader of the 1100s

16. Louis IX

17. Frederick I (Barbarossa)

18. Richard the Lion-Hearted

19. Saladin

20. Continued Later Crusades will be fought in North Africa and Spain
Reconquista-Granada is taken in 1492 and the Inquisition begins. Jews and Muslims are driven out of Spain

21. Effects of the Crusades
Byzantine Empire is weakened
Pope’s power declines
Power of feudal nobles weakens
Kings become stronger
Religious intolerance grows
Italian cities expand trade and grow rich
Muslims increasingly distrust Christians
Trade grows between Europe and the Middle East
European technology improves as Crusaders learn from Muslims

22. TA14B
Read Pages Copy & Define Terms on Page 392 Copy & Answer Questions 11, 12, & 13 on Page 404